September 30, 1893. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
73 
Lapagerias.—In many cases these are still 
flowering freely, and it would be a mistake therefore 
to allow the borders to get dry, for they are moisture- 
loving subjects. Should the foliage require washing 
to destroy thrips, avoid the breaking away of the 
leaves, as the footstalks are very brittle. 
Chrysanthemums.—Liquid or artificial manures 
should be regularly supplied to the plants while 
their buds are swelling. In many cases there will 
be disappointment with them, owing to the pre¬ 
valence of the caterpillar of a small moth, which 
bores its way into the stems just beneath the bud, 
checking the growth of the latter, and as a rule, 
completely destroying them. Buds so affected may 
be cut off and burned at once, to destroy the grub 
before passing into the pupa state. 
Peaches. —All trees that require lifting should 
now have the operation performed before the leaves 
fall. If the soil is exhausted, it should be removed 
and replaced by fresh material, consisting of turfy 
loam from an old pasture mixed with lime rubble, or 
burnt clay, and the ashes of burnt prunings from the 
garden rubbish heap. This, of course, should have 
been prepared some months before hand, so that the 
fibre may be partly decayed and mellow. Borders 
that have only been partly made may be extended by 
taking out another portion of the old soil, being 
careful at the same time that the fibrous young roots 
just entering it are not destroyed, nor injured more 
than can be helped. The new material in all cases 
should be trodden firm, and the roots laid out 
horizontally at no great depth from the surface ; 
and after the roots are in position, fill up to the de¬ 
sired level and tread firmly. 
Cucumbers. —Seedlings that were sown about 
the second week in August will now be showing 
flowers, but unless earliness is highly desirable, 
these should be removed to let the plants acquire 
more strength before they are taxed with production. 
Add fresh material to the beds as the roots show 
themselves through the surface. The same applies 
to the plants in succession houses. 
Potatos.— As the stems of late varieties die away, 
have the tubers lifted, as the present dry state of the 
weather is very favourable to the storing of them. 
All those fit for table use and intended for that 
purpose should be gathered and stored by them¬ 
selves in shallow pits dug out of the soil in some 
dry position where they will not be liable at any 
time to flooding. Cover with straw or bracken kept 
in place by some spadefuls of soil. As severe frost 
approaches a thicker layer of soil may be placed 
over them. 
Celery. —Earth up all plantations that are 
sufficiently forward for the final operation. Both 
soil and plants have hitherto been in excellent con¬ 
dition for the work. Prevent the dry material 
from running into the centre of the plants. 
- ^ - 
Quescions ano ansiueRs. 
Greenhouse temperature.—B rl/a : About 40® 
is the lowest night temperature we should advocate 
for Oranges and Palms. You do not mention what 
Palms you have got, but we should imagine that 
they are tolerably hardy or you would not attempt 
to keep them in a greenhouse. For instance, Chamae- 
rops Fortunei is hardy out of doors in the south of 
England, and there are several others that could be 
kept in the temperature above given for the winter 
and spring months. 
To ascertain the number of cubic feet.— 
Delta : For a span roofed house multiply the length 
by the width, and the product by the height of the 
house up to the eaves. Then ascertain the height 
of the roof to the top of the ridge, inside measure¬ 
ment. To do this, place a bar across the house from 
eave to eave, and measure from this bar to the top 
of the ridge. Take the half of this ascertained 
height and multiply it by the width and then by the 
length of the house. Then add the sum obtained 
to that of the lower part of the house and you will 
have the number of cubic feet in the interior of the 
house. In the case of a lean-to, multiply the length 
by the width of the house, and multiply the product 
by half the height of the back wall. If you keep up 
a night_ temperature of 45° you will require 126 ft. of 
4 in. piping to each 1,000 cubic feet of air to be 
heated ; pd if kept up to 50° you would require 150 
ft. of piping to every 1,000 cubic feet of air to be 
heated. This is, of course, to guard against severe 
frost, because under ordinary circumstances less 
would be necessary. 
To Propagate Clematis.—E. Cassie: The 
flowers sent were those of Clematis Flammula. You 
can propagate it by layering the shoots in autumn 
or in spring, before growth recommences. It ripens 
seeds, as a rule, in October, and should seed freely 
this year by reason of the dry weather and abundant 
sunshine, which should bring on the fruit earlier than 
usual. The seeds take along time to germinate, and 
for that reason you should sow them as soon as 
gathered in a box of light soil, which you may place 
in a cold frame for the winter. Unless the seedlings 
come up very thickly, they may be left in the box 
till next autumn, and then planted in nursery beds 
or in their permanent positions according to con¬ 
venience. 
Names of Plants.— J. JV. Moorman : Mesem- 
bryanthemum deltoides.— Delta : The Common 
Maple (Acer campestre). The other is the White 
Willow (Salix alba).—/I. L.: i, Gynerium argenteum ; 
2, Buddleia globosa; 3, Pyrus baccata ; 4, Carpinus 
Betulus; 5, Eucalyptus citriodorus; 6, Pernettya 
mucronata.— P. H.: i, Pentstemon barbatus; 2, 
Sedum spectabile; 3, Aster diffusus horizontalis. 
Pompon Dahlias. — M. IV., Port Glasgow : Both 
of the varieties sent were good white Pompons. 
The fact of the florets being serrated at the tips 
would not make them new, as White Aster, an old 
and much cultivated sort is, cut in the same way. 
The large one sent is similar to White Aster, and 
when fully developed, would probably turn out to be 
the same. In the meantime the yellow scales in the 
centre show themselves too much. The small one 
is very neat and perfect, but we should doubt its 
being new, as there are so many white varieties in 
cultivation. 
Paulcwnia imperialis. — Subtropical ; As the tips 
of the shoots occasionally get more or less injured 
during severe winters the safest plan would be to 
leave the plants alone till some time in March, when 
all the branches may be cut back to a few eyes at 
the base, as you would treat a Willow stool. This 
will cause the plants to throw out strong rampant 
shoots with large leaves in proportion as the roots 
are well established. Repeat the process every 
spring and dig some manure into the soil unless 
naturally very rich. 
Cabbages and Caterpillars. — T. W. : There is 
no method by which you can effectually deal with 
them at present except by hand picking, and that is 
a very tedious operation, while it can only be 
partially effective owing to the way in which the 
caterpillars secrete themselves by boring into the 
very centre of the heads. You can, however, lessen 
their numbers by that means and by cutting up the 
worst of the Cabbages and giving them to pigs or 
cattle. During winter the ground should be trenched 
2 ft. or 2j ft. deep, turning the top spit into the 
bottom so that the perfect insect will be unable to 
reach the surface next year. Gas lime may also be 
scattered over the top spit after it has been turned 
into the trench, and by that means many of the 
purpae in the soil will be killed. Trenching is thus 
a valuable means, not only of ameliorating the soil 
but of ridding it of a deal of vermin. All ground 
should be trenched that is infested with caterpillars, 
slugs, or fungoid enemies. 
Heating.— Constant Reader: A plain saddle boiler 
to heat 1,500 ft. of 4 in. piping ?hould be 60 in. long 
with 24 in. fire way, but the better boiler would be a 
terminal end saddle 48 in. long with 24 in. fire 
way. 
Evergreen Shrubs to Cover a Wooden F'ence. 
— P. G. : The number of evergreen climbing plants 
is now more limited than the deciduous ones, but the 
following should serve your purpose admirably, 
namely:—Cotoneaster microphylla, C. Simonsii, 
Magnolia grandiflora, Ayrshire Roses, Pittosporum 
Tobira, Escallonia macrantha, E. illinita, various 
Ivies, green, variegated, large and small leaved, Jas- 
minum officinale, J. revolutum, J. nudiflorum, 
Smilax aspera, S. tamnoides, Passiflora caerulea, 
and P. c. Constance Elliott, The species of Jasmi- 
num loose their leaves, but the numerous stems are 
evergreen, and the plants are therefore classed 
amongst Evergreens. 
Cypripedium.— Twiss: Judging from the 
colour of the flower sent and which was rather 
darker than that of the typical C. Sedenii, we should 
say it is C. S. porphyreum ; but we should have ex¬ 
pected the flower to be somewhat larger. Possibly 
this is merely a matter of culture, or the plant may 
be a small one. C. S. porphyreum should have 
longer leaves than the typical C. Sedenii, and is al¬ 
together a more robust plant. In these respects and 
in the darker colour of the flowers, lie the dis¬ 
tinguishing characteristics of C. S. porphyreum. 
The other flowers sent do not belong to the genus 
Coelogyne, but to Xylobium, but we do not recognise 
the species. None of them are by any means 
common in gardens. 
Weeds and Moss in a Lawn. — M. E. : Your best 
plan, under the circumstances, will be to get out the 
coarser weeds and to scratch off as much of the moss 
as possible with an iron toothed rake. Then some¬ 
time next month give the lawn a top dressing of well 
decayed manure, leaf soil, and lime, allowing this to 
remain on till about March. What remains above 
ground then can be cleared off and the bare places 
sown with any mixture of lawn grass seeds sold by 
respectable seedsmen. When this begins to grow, 
if the weather is showery, you should give the lawn a 
top dressing of nitrate of soda at the rate of about 
100 lbs. to the acre, broadcasting it evenly all over, 
or, perhaps better still, give a top dressing of 
Watson's lawn sand, which will kill the coarser 
weeds and help the finer grasses at the same time. 
The lawn is evidently in poor condition, and any- 
thing you can apply that will make the grass grow 
will help you to get rid of the moss. 
Communications Received, —M. E.—Pinkie.— 
Stirling.—H. J. V.—F. H.—J. H.—W. P, R.— 
W. L —J. W.—C. B.—R. D. 
-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Wm Clibran & Son, Old Field Nurseries, 
Altrincham.—Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Spring Flowering 
Plants, &c. 
William Rumsey, Joyning's Nursery, Waltham 
Cross.—Roses, Shrubs, Fruit Trees, &c. 
Dobbie & Co., Rothesay, A. B.—Autumn Cata¬ 
logue of Bulbs and Plants, &c. 
E. S. Dodwell, The Cottage, Stanley Road, Ox¬ 
ford.—New Carnations and Picotees. 
Ketten Freres, Luxe.mbourg. —Catalogue of 
Roses. 
W. & J. Birkenhead, Sale, near Manchester.— 
Autumn list of F'erns and Selaginellas. 
J, Cheal & Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley.— 
Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, &c. 
W. Drummond & Sons, Stirling, N.B.—Dutch 
and other bulbous loots. 
Fred. Horsman & Co., Colchester. — Orchid 
specialities. 
Joe Edwards, Herbert Street, Blackley, Man¬ 
chester.—List of new Carnations and Picotees. 
Wallace & Co., Colchester.—Retail lists of 
Lilies, Iris, Calochorti, etc. 
Will Taylor, Osborn Nursery, Hampton. — Fruit 
Trees and Roses. 
G. Chaundy, New Marston, near Oxford.—Carna¬ 
tions, Picotees, and Auriculas. 
Dicksons, Chester.—Select Roses. 
LONDO.'^ SEED TRADE. 
September 2^th, 1893. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a moderate 
demand for new Winter Tares at unchanged 
rates. New English Red Clover is offering and 
shows fine quality. Prices not yet established. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
September 2’jth, 1893. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d s. d. 
Apples.per bushel i o 6 o 
Cobbs, per loo lb. 25 o 27 6 
Grapes, per lb. 0916 
Peaches ... per dozen 16 60] 
s. d. s. d 
Plums.I sieve 1626 
Melons.each 06 10 
Pine apples. 
—St. Michael's, each 26 60 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s, d. s. d. 
ArtichokesGIobedoz. 30 60 
Beans, French, perlb. 04 06 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Cabbages ... per doz. 30 40 
Carrots ... per bunch o 6 
Cauliflowers, Eng.dz. 30 50 
Celery.per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers .each 04 08 
Endive, French, doz. 26 30 
Herhs .per bunch 02 06 
s. d. s. d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 20 30 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen i 6 
Smallsalading,punnet o 4 
Spinach ... per strike 4 0 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 09 
Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
t. d. s. d. I 
Asters, doz pots. 40 60 
Balsams .per doz. 20 60 
Begonias.per doz. 90120 
Campanula,per doz. 60 90 
Chrysanthemumsdoz. 4 o 12 o 
Cissus discolor...each 16 26 
Cyperus .per doz. 4 0 12 0 
Coleus.per doz. 60 90 
Dracaena term., doz. 18 0 36 0 
Dracaena viridis,doz. 9 0 18 0 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 o 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 0 18 0 
Ferns, small, per too 4 0 
1. d. t d. 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 0 60 0 
Fuchsia .per doz. 60 90 
Hydrangea, per doz. 12 0 18 0 
Heaths.per doz. g o 12 o 
Ivy Geraniums...doz. 40 60 
Liliums, various, per 
doz.12 0 24 0 
Marguerites, perdoz. 90120 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Palms in variety,each 2 6 10 0 
Palms, Specimen ... 15 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums sclt.dz. 20 40 
Solanums ...par doz. 12 0 15 o 
8 o 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s d 
Arum Lilies, i2blms. 60 90 
Asters, doz. buns. 30 60 
Bcuvardias, per bun. 06 10 
Carnations...per doz. 10 20 
doz. bunches. 40 80 
Chrysantliemumsdzbn4 o g 0 
doz. blooms.o 620 
Cornflowers, dz. bun. 16 30 
Eucharis ...per doz. 40 60 
Gardenias 12 blooms 20 40 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 04 06 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 20 60 
Lilium speciosum 
doz. blooms 10 20 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs.4 060 
I. d. t, d 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 20 40 
Orchid Bloom in var. 
per bloom, from 03 10 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 20 40 
Pelargoniums, 12 sps. 06 o g 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 40 6 c 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 16 40 
Primula, double, bun. 06 10 
Red Roses, doz. bhs. 30 60 
Roses, yellow, dozen 20 40 
— Red.doz. blms. 10 i 6 
— Safl'rano...per doz. 16 20 
— Tea.per dozen 06 20 
Stephanotis,dz.spfays 20 30 
Tuberoses, per doz 04 06 
OOiTTEJSrT'S. 
PAGE 
Allatnanda Williamsii.68 
Ames, Mr. F. L., death of ...64 
Awards at the Chicago 
Exhibition .64 
Ayrshire Notes.65 
Begonias at Bexley.69 
Carrots, concerning.63 
Catalogues, trade .72 
Chrysanthemum Notes . 63 
Chrysanthemum Season 63 
Cornish Notes . 70 
Dahlias, Pompon .68 
Dulwich Park.65 
Earl’s Court Fruit Show.70 
Floriculture. 63 
Gardeners’ Associations ...71 
Gardeners’ Calendar, the ...72 
PAGE 
Hardy Fruits.63 
]apan Lacquer .72 
Jasmine Harvest, the .72 
Liliums.66 
Manning, Mr, retirement of 64 
Onions.68 
Pansies and Violas .68 
Pear Trees, Barrenness in...64 
Pine Growing.70 
Pinks.68 
Primula obconica.70 
Pryus Malus floribundus ...72 
Roses, Medal, of 1893 ..67 
Scientific Cleanings.67 
Societies .71 
Vegetable Garden.70 
Water Lilies, new.65 
