November 4, 1893. 
TttE GARDENING WORLD 
161 
Childs on account of its broad florets and rich crim¬ 
son colour shaded with amaranth. The Tribune, a 
beautiful yellow Japanese variety, is another of the 
collection just named, and has just received a First- 
class Certificate. 
New crimson varieties of great merit are Wra. 
Seward and John Shrimpton, the latter being the 
brighter of the two. A full and massive flower is 
J. H. Runchman, with golden yellow more or less 
interlacing florets. The white Louis Boehmer is in 
fine condition. The rosy purple flowers of Excelsior 
are of huge size, and should make its mark on the 
exhibition board. W. Falconer is another variety of 
the plumose Louis Boehmer type, with soft pink 
flowers fading to a delicate blush. The most 
remarkable of the hairy type is Wonder, with 
bronzy-yellow florets thickly set with bristly hairs 
on the tubular florets as to give it a weird and strik¬ 
ing appearance. A huge pink flower of quite 
another kind is H. Hammond-Spencer with slightly 
fluted florets. Madame Isaacs is considered an 
improvement upon Condor, inasmuch as the broad 
florets are pure white when fully developed. J. H. 
Taylor is a huge, drooping flower, with soft purple 
florets and a silvery reverse, the latter being much 
shown. Miss Dorothea Shea is a brilliant crimson 
with long drooping florets. The opening blooms of 
Lord Brooke are dark and handsome. 
The massive clear pink flowers of President 
W. R. Smith are very handsome ; the variety belongs 
to the incurved Japanese section, and has very long 
florets. Primrose League is a true Japanese type, 
with creamy flowers of great size, and a primrose 
centre. Avalanche is still a typical show flower. 
Madame Charles Molin is better and more constant 
than the white Viviand Morel. Madame Octave 
Mirabeau excels Belle Paul in several other respects. 
Professor Whitmack is a huge rosy-pink incurved 
Japanese variety, and Madame Ed. Ray is rosy, with 
a blush-pink reverse, and belongs to the same 
section. Description becomes difficult as we pro¬ 
ceed amongst colours. Silver King is a closely in¬ 
curved Japanese sort, showing a silver reverse only, 
but of a peculiar shade of it. Several attempts 
were made to describe Silver Cloud as white 
shaded with pale buff, pale cinnamon, and several 
other tints, shades and hues, but all the descriptions 
were contested, possibly to be settled by savants in 
the future by chemical or microscopical means. The 
florets are broad, delicate, and certainly very dis¬ 
tinct in colour. Another soft colour is that of J. H. 
Whittle, which may be described as delicate flesh. 
Beauty of Exmouth is pure and beautiful. Golden 
Wreath is in strong contrast with its golden-) ellow 
florets like shreds of cut paper, 
Comte Lurani is a clear rosy-pink variety. Pale 
Primrose with a yellow centre would describe the 
incurved Japanese Mrs. Hillier. Dr. H. Hull is a 
shade or two paler than Silver Cloud, and may be 
described as flesh-white, but that leaves the other 
case still unsettled. A reflexed Japanese variety is 
Commandant Blusset with rich amaranth florets. 
Dr. Ward belongs to the plumose section, but does 
not show much of this character. The florets are 
bright yellow with buff edges. Mrs. Charles Collins 
is a pink and white incurved Japanese variety The 
whole of the above belong to the popular Japanese 
type, and to one or other of sections of the same. 
Very few of the true incurved Chrysanthemums 
could be seen in the whole of this fine display, and 
it may be taken as characteristic of the tendency at 
present to neglect a race that has long been almost 
stationary. The golden-bronze Baron Hirsch is the 
only one that occurs amongst our notes. 
-- 
THE ROSERY. 
{Continued from page 134.) 
I HAVE only mentioned Tea and Noisette varieties 
in this note so far, because they are most generally 
used for pot work; but the strong growing hybrid 
perpetuals and bourbons, also those of medium 
growth, need the same style of pruning as recom¬ 
mended for their counterparts among the Teas. 
Pot Roses are better if their centre wood is removed 
rather freely. 
Winter Protection of Roses. 
This is a subject which will soon be engaging the 
attention of rosarians. In protecting Roses there is 
need for a considerable amount of judgment as 
regards position, soil, and variety. If over pro¬ 
tected there is risk of premature growth, only to be 
severely checked in the spring. Roses must rank 
among our hardy flowering shrubs; but, notwith¬ 
standing this, they are greatly benefited by a little 
judicious protection. All they need is the brunt of 
the severest weather kept from them, and this is not 
always to be gauged by the thermometer. For 
example, we frequently have a most trying time for 
Roses growing in an exposed position, even when 
the thermometer does not register more than five or 
six degrees of frost. I allude to those times when a 
keen frost-laden wind is prevalent. Ten to twenty 
degrees of frost are less harmful when the atmos¬ 
phere is quiet. A wet soil is also considerably 
against the Roses passing through a severe winter; 
ice at the collar of the plant often causing much 
mischief. Protection against this can be easily 
afforded by drawing some of the surrounding soil 
around the plant in the shape of a mound. Both 
standards and dwarfs will derive much benefit from 
this. In the case of the latter the advantage is two¬ 
fold ; for not only does it prevent water lying at 
this vital part, but it also protects the base of the 
Rose in the most effectual manner possible. Let 
the winter be ever so severe, dwarfs treated in this 
way will produce valuable growth in the spring, as 
the lower eyes will be quite sound. 
Brakes, or the Bracken Fern, are recommended by 
many, and if properly used are very good for the 
purpose ; but too often these are applied so liberally 
that almost equal harm accrues. A friend of mine 
had his plants wrapped up all last winter as if they 
were sub-tropical subjects. What were the con¬ 
sequences ? His wood passed through the severe 
part of the winter all sound, but when he undid the 
coverings the wood was unable to stand against the 
last touch of winter we experienced. 
Standards are easily protected by a few twigs of 
Birch, Gorse, or Fir being tied among the branches. 
Bracken is also useful in this connection, but is apt 
to get wet and sodden, when the following frost takes 
hold of the wood with a much more severe grip than 
if the surroundings were dry. It is also liable to be 
blown away unless tied up too tightly to be beneficial 
when a severe frost does not prevail. Twigs, on the 
other hand, will remain in their place better and 
admit air at suitable times, while still being just 
sufficient to break the frost and winds at others. 
Dwarfs are also better protected by a few bushes 
stood among them, in addition to the moulding up 
previously recommended. In this case fair sized 
branches are easily stuck in the ground, being placed 
more thickly on the north and north-east sides. 
Wall Roses are somewhat difficult to protect with¬ 
out going too far. I prefer these to take their 
chance, as the wall is naturally a considerable help 
to them, and any extra protection brings them on so 
rapidly at a time when we are far from secure ; often 
having frosts of several degrees after wall Roses are 
well into leaf. 
It is not long ago when the majority of wall Roses 
were released each winter, laid down and covered 
over with soil ; or else mats were hung over them. 
Dwarf Teas and Noisettes were also taken up and 
either placed in frames or pits, or else laid in be¬ 
neath some hedge of evergreens. The tenderness of 
these classes was more imaginary than real; indeed, 
my own experience has proved them to be quite as 
hardy as the bulk of the bourbons and hybrid 
perpetuals. 
At an early part of this paper, I mentioned that 
soil and varieties had much to do respecting the need 
for protection. In a naturally dry and porous soil 
there is not the same need to afford artificial pro¬ 
tection, both on account of the less harmful effects of 
frost, and also because the growth will invariably be 
better matured than when growing upon a wet site, 
which encourages young growth so late in the 
season. All classes of Roses possess a few varieties 
that are more tender than others, and these naturally 
need a certain amount of protection each winter. 
Among the hybrid perpetuals we may mention A. K. 
Williams, Devienne Lamy, Gustave Piganeau, Mar¬ 
quise de Mortemart, Rev. J. B. M. Camm, and 
Henri Ledechaux. In the Tea and Noisette class 
Madame Bravy, Ma Capucine, Ophirie, Cloth of 
Gold, Lamarque, Comtesse de Panisse, Climbing 
Devoniensis, Niphetos, Mme. Cusin, Rubens, and 
Mme. de Walleville are rather tender. Marie 
Leonida, Fortune’s Yellow, the yellow and white 
Banksians are also somewhat more tender than the 
majority.— A.P. 
fARDENlNG |IlSCELLANY. 
STOKESIA CYANEA. 
This pretty and not very common autumn-flowering 
composite is not so frequently seen in gardens as it 
ought to be. It is a plant of easy culture, requiring 
very little protection, as a cool greenhouse seems to 
suit it admirably. At Brackenhurst, Cobham, the 
residence of E. H. Lushington, Esq., in whose 
garden many other choice and rare plants find a 
home and flourish, the Stokesia was seen a few days 
ago, and arranged with other things in a greenhouse 
it had a very striking effect. The plant is of dwarf 
habit, about 12 in. to 16 in. in height, bearing one 
or more terminal flowers, i in. to 2 in. in diameter, 
and of a pretty blue colour, the outer scales of the 
involucre being prolonged into a leafy, rather bristly 
appendage. Its leaves afe arranged alternately 
around the stem, are smooth and lanceolate, the 
upper ones clasping the stem,— A. P. E. 
APHANOSTEPHUS ARKANS^NUS. 
This annual might be grown for the sake of cut 
flowers, which are produced in great profusion on 
much branched stems about 12 in. to 18 in. high. 
In general appearance the plant reminds one of the 
genus Laya, and belongs to the same natural order. 
The flowers are about the size of those of the Oxeye 
Daisy, but quite different in appearance. They are 
rosy or pink in the bud state, but when they expand 
they are pure white with a golden disc. The species 
is a native of Texas, and succeeds in this country 
treated as a hardy annual. 
CUPHEA HOOKERIANA. 
In habit and general appearance this species is not 
unlike the old-fashioned C. strigillosa, which used to 
be grown to some extent as a greenhouse decorative 
plant. The leaves and flowers are, however, different 
from that shrubby plant. The former are lanceolate 
with a long point. The upright stems are 18 in. to 
2 ft. high, and each shoot terminates in a narrow 
panicle of flowers. The tube of the latter is long, 
and that together with the two upper petals are of a 
bright red or scarlet. Some writers describe the 
flowers as vermillion and orange. In the aggregate 
they are very effective, and even conspicuous from a 
distance. The plant comes from Mexico, and is of 
sub-shrubby character ; it must be kept in a green¬ 
house during winter, but may be planted in the open 
ground in summer, where it flowers well and late 
into the autumn. It is also known in gardens under 
the name of C. Roezlii. 
FUCHSIA FULGENS. 
Comparatively little attention has been given to 
this old-fashioned subject for many years ; but surely 
it is capable of improvement. We understand, 
however, that it is somewhat difficult to effect a 
cross between it and some of the improved garden 
varieties, but the feat was accomplished some 
years ago, and there is hope for the future accord¬ 
ingly. The old form need not, however, be neglected, 
for it is useful for the sake of variety in a collection 
of pot-grown plants. A more interesting use for it 
might have been seen until quite recently in the 
gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at 
Chiswick, where it was utilised as a bedding plant. 
It made a vigorous growth, and flowered well till 
quite recently. Probably it did not come into bloom 
so early as the improved garden varieties that are 
suitable for the purpose, but its showy character at 
the end of the season should compensate for any 
short comings it might have earlier in the year. 
VERONICA PURPLE QUEEN. 
Free flowering Veronicas as pot plants come in 
very serviceable during the autumn months, for 
conservatories, greenhouses or windows, and are 
particularly handy for town work. Some new 
varieties have recently been raised by hybridisation 
in the establishment of Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, 
Chelsea. We noted Purple Queen the other day 
flowering in great profusion as quite small plants. 
The plant is naturally dwarf, so that 48-size pots 
would be ample accommodation for it. The flowers 
are purplish-blue, the latter shade in our opinion 
being the most predominant. A first-class Certifi-- 
cate was recently accorded it. 
