562 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
May 5, 1894. 
way as to form a flower not unlike an Orchid. The 
blooms are a mixture of orange, yellow, and pink. 
First-class Certificate. Exhibited by Lady Theodore 
Guest. 
Phlox canadensis. —The stems of this early- 
flowering Phlox are about a foot in height, bearing 
terminal clusters or cymes of pale blue flowers. 
The lanceolate leaves are hairy. The plant comes 
from North America, and P. divaricata is considered 
the proper name, although the point is disputed. 
First-class Certificate. Exhibited by Messrs. Paul 
& Son. 
Exocorda Albertii. —The leaves of this plant are 
oblong, deep green, and rather larger than those of 
the better known E. grandiflora. The flowers are 
produced in short racemes, white, and not unlike 
those of a small flowered Cherry. It is a com¬ 
paratively recent introduction. Award of Merit. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Paul & Son. 
Canna Cheshunt Yellow. —This is the first 
English raised seedling that has been honoured with 
a certificate. All the segments except one are golden 
yellow, and the exception is orange-scarlet. Award 
of Merit. Exhibited by Messrs. Paul & Son. 
Bougainvillea glabra Sander’s var. — • The 
rosy-red flowers of this new variety possess a more 
brilliant colouring than the old and familiar B. 
glabra, which it much excels in its early, late, and 
floriferous character. Already in full bloom, it con¬ 
tinues all through the summer and autumn, and in 
fact till the end of December, and should prove an 
acquisition for cut flowers at Christmas. What is 
more remarkable, the smallest plant develops a 
cluster of flowers at the end of every little twig and 
shoot. The first flush of blossom is developed before 
the plant has fully furnished itself with leaves. The 
group of plants at the Drill Hall on the 24th ult., 
and which we inadvertently stated to be branches, 
took the general public with surprise, as well it 
might. The plants flower equally well in a stove or 
greenhouse. First-class Certificate. Exhibited by 
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. 
Rhododendron rhombicum.— This new species is 
allied in the structure of its flowers to R. Rhodora, 
often named Rhodora canadensis in gardens, but the 
downy, deciduous leaves are broadly rhomboid or 
lozenge-shaped, and therefore very distinct. The 
flower is deeply three parted, but the upper division 
is again deeply three lobed; it is larger, of greater 
substance, and of a darker rosy-purple than the old 
R. Rhodora. Award of Merit. Exhibited by the 
Director, Royal Gardens, Kew. 
Rhododendron Rosy Bell.— In this we have a 
garden hybrid of the same habit as the hybrids of 
R. ponticum, but it is dwarfer and smaller in all its 
parts. The flowers are neatly and elegantly bell¬ 
shaped, perfectly regular, and of a charming rosy- 
pink. It is perfectly hardy, and a bush in the open 
ground is very engaging with its wealth of beautiful 
flowers. Award of Merit. Exhibited by the 
Director, Royal Gardens, Kew. 
Adiantum tenellum.— The habit of this Maiden¬ 
hair is very graceful on account of the large size and 
much divided character of the fronds, giving the 
plants an elegant contour. The pinnules are 
cuneate, but longer than in A. cuneatum, of which 
it is a form. Award of Merit. Exhibited by Mr. 
H. B. May, Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper 
Edmonton. 
Adiantum Schneideri. —^The fronds of this form 
are of a light green, and remarkable for the great 
length of their narrow, wedge-shaped pinnules. It 
bears the same affinity to A. cuneatum as its sister 
form A. tenellum, but is far more distinct and 
beautiful. Award of Merit. Exhibited by Mr. 
H. B. May. 
Gloxinia marginata.— The funnel-shaped flowers 
of this variety are of a rich dark crimson, with a 
broad, pure white margin, which is well shown off by 
contrast. Award of Merit. Exhibited by Messrs. 
J. Laing & Sons. 
Primrose Evelyn’s Beacon.— The flowers of this 
variety are of a soft sulphur yellow, but notable for 
their substance and gigantic size when compared 
even with the more modern and improved garden 
forms. Award of Merit. Exhibited by J. Arkwright, 
Esq., Hampton Court, Leominster. 
Pyrus spectabilis magnifica.— The typical form 
of this is well known for the wealth of rosy, peach, 
and white blossoms which it produces. The flowers 
of this variety are considerably larger, very freely 
produced, and if anything, they are darker in colour 
than the ordinary form. Award of Merit. Exhibited 
by Mr. A. Major, Ditton Farm, Langley. 
Azalea Perle de Ledeberg.— The flowers of this 
new Indian Azalea are of large size, semi-double, 
and pure white, variously streaked and striped 
with bright red or cerise. Award of Merit. Ex¬ 
hibited by Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough. 
Azalea Julia Vervaene.— Here we have a semi¬ 
double variety with salmon-red flowers variously 
blotched or variegated with white at the margin, 
sometimes striped, and richly spotted on the middle 
of the upper segments. Award of Alerit. Exhibited 
by Mr. C. Turner. 
Azalea M. Victor Savart. —This Indian variety 
' has large, single flowers of a bright orange scarlet 
with a crimson blotch. Award of Merit. Exhibited 
by Mr. C. Turner. 
Azalea Lively.— The flowers of this beautiful 
variety are semi-double and of a delicate pink. The 
plant belongs to the same group as the form above 
mentioned. Award of Merit. Exhibited by Mr. C. 
Turner. 
-- 
ROOT ACTION IN WINTER. 
The interesting article by your correspondent " F.,” 
p. 529, induces me once more to take up this subject, 
and try if possible to make more clear my meaning. 
In the first place your correspondent wishes to know 
what is meant by the word sap. If by this he wants 
me to state what sap is like, I am afraid that I 
should not be able to do so satisfactorily, as that of 
no two trees are alike. But if he means the defini¬ 
tion of that word, then I might say it is the juice of 
plants of all kinds. As water cannot be juice so it 
is not sap. We all know that if a plant which is 
flagging be supplied with water, in a short time the 
foliage will again become plump and charged with 
moisture, but this as yet is not sap. The ascending 
moisture in exogenus plants flows in the vessels of 
the alburnum or sap wood, and is colourless. The 
sap proper, after it has passed through the various 
parts of the tree, returns in the vessels of the liber 
or inner bark. This is often coloured, in some 
plants white, in others of a darker hue. From this 
it is evident that “ sap ’’ cannot exude from the tree 
through the same pores as the elements of which it 
is composed was taken up. If we caused a wound 
by cutting through the inner bark the juice will flow 
from the upper part of the tree, but unless the bark 
were removed for some distance this would not 
check the growth, as the ascdnding nourishment 
passes up through the alburnum. 
I once knew an instance where some woodmen by 
mistake cut the bark allround a large Oak tree, and 
were preparing to fell it, but were stopped from 
doing so before they had removed any ; this did not 
stop the growth, as the tree is still standing and 
doing well. If trees were not charged with a super¬ 
abundance of moisture no growth would take place : 
this can easily be understood by taking into con¬ 
sideration the difference between growth in wet and 
dry seasons. What I tried to show was that by a 
sudden change in temperature there was a contrac¬ 
tion in the tissues which forced the sap downwards 
Anyone that has observed how after a sharp frost 
the leaves of the Ash and Horse Chestnut suddenly 
fall at the rise in temperature, even though they are 
quite green and flourishing the day before, must 
know that the sap or juice was driven out of them 
to somewhere, for if they be taken up it will be 
found there is scarce any moisture in them. Where 
has this juice or sap gone to I would ask? In my 
opinion it has been forced into the branches for 
future use.— H. C. Prmcep. 
Your correspondent “F,,” in his letter on the above 
subject, p. 529, states that " During the night when 
transpiration ceases water filters into the vessels 
again in many, if not most of the plants in a rapidly 
growing state, and we have evidence of it in the 
drops of water that ooze out at the water pores 
situated at the edges and tips of the leaves.” It is 
this oozing out process that I object to, and if the 
leaves could be laid out perfectly flat there would 
be no drops at those parts. The drops your corres¬ 
pondent has noticed are the result of condensation 
on the surface of the leaves, and the tips and edges 
being the lower parts the moisture accumulates 
there until drops are formed. He will see similar 
drops as often and equally numerous on the lower 
sides of iron rails as on leaves.— W. P. R. 
IKE VESEMBLE SARQEN. 
Capsicums and Chilis. 
In some gardens these are grown to give a supply of 
home-made Cayenne pepper. In others they are 
grown for decorative purposes. If for the former, 
the seed should now be sown either in pots, which 
should he placed in heat, or on a slight hot-bed 
covered with a frame. Where the latter can be 
afforded it is the most simple, as there is no trouble 
in potting. Three or four seeds should be sown 
together in stations about 9 in. apart each way, and 
when the plants are large enough to handle, these 
should be thinned leaving one at each place. The 
lights must be kept on the plants till about the 
beginning of June, when they should be hardened 
off so as to stand the open air. They must on no 
account receive a check in their young state or they 
will be attacked with aphis, which soon destroys 
them ; but if proper attention be paid the plants will 
grow away freely, and by July be covered with pods 
that will ripen before the frost comes to cut them 
down in the autumn. 
Where there is no frame accommodation the 
plants should be grown in pots till about the middle 
of June, when they should be planted on a sunny 
border about a foot apart each way. .They will 
need watering till established ; afterwards, unless the 
weather be very dry, they will take care of them¬ 
selves. There are numerous varieties having different 
habits of growth and coloured pods, and where they 
are grown for decorative purposes it would be well 
to grow a few of each, as they are very attractive in 
the autumn when the pods are ripe ; but for making 
pepper the red ones are the most in favour, as that 
colour seems to be more appreciated. Should any 
pods not be ripe when there is danger of frost in the 
autumn the plants should be pulled up and taken to- 
a sunny position under glass where they can mature. 
Though such pods will not have the same flavour as 
those fully ripe, still they will be serviceable in the 
kitchen. 
Ridge Cucumbers. 
Those who have ample glass accommodation do not 
usually grow these unless it be for pickling. There 
are those, however, who are not provided with 
sufficient glass structures to grow all they need, so 
have to resort to other methods if they would grow 
such things. Those in the south may sow the seeds 
on hillocks or ridges made of half decayed manure 
that will generate sufficient heat to cause them to 
germinate freely; but further north it will be 
necessary to sow the seed in some glass structure to 
bring the plants forward, so that they may be strong 
by the time it is safe to put them out in the open, 
which will not be before the first week in June. 
Hillocks or ridges should be made for planting them 
on the same as recommended for sowdng the seed in 
the more southern part of the kingdom. By this 
means the soil will be warmed so that the plants will 
grow away freely from the first. 
It will be necessary to cover the plants at night for 
the first week or two in case there might be a frost, 
but after that time they will be able to take care of 
themselves. Where the situation is exposed a row 
of tall Peas or Runner Beans should be sown on the 
north side to afford shelter. When the plants are well 
established they will not need watering unless the 
weather be very dry, and then only sufficient should 
be given to moisten the soil, as heavy waterings 
would cool the earth and thereby check the growth. 
The principal thing to ensure success is to have 
robust plants to start with, as these will grow away 
freely provided other conditions are favourable, such 
as a light, rich, turfy loam to root in, which has 
been raised so as to absorb all the heat possible. It 
will not be necessary to pinch the plants after plant¬ 
ing if the hearts were taken out when four or five 
leaves high, but the first fruit should be pinched off 
to give them a good start . —Kitchen Gardener. 
-- 
Pseudophoenix Sargentii.— This new palm, new in 
genus as well as species, was discovered on Elliott’s 
Key, and Long’s Key, Florida, eight years ago. So 
far there are no large plants of it in cultivation that 
we know of. The largest is at the American Exotic 
Nurseries, Seven Oaks, Florida, where. Manager 
Hoyt writes us, there is a plant eight feet high 
thoroughly established in a twenty inch tub. This 
is regarded as the finest established plant of the 
kind in existence .—Gardening (America). 
