680 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
Slay 12, 1894. 
FliOf?ICUliTURE. 
The late Mr. Dodweli’s Carnations. 
Referring to Mr. A. Dean’s query, p. 564, it may 
seem a curious coincidence that two seifs of Mr. 
Dodwell should have received the same names as 
two of Mr. Dean's, but such is the actual fact. Mr. 
Dodwell's dark maroon self, The Moor, was sent 
out in the autumn of 1887—his Ivanhoe (crimson 
maroon) in that of 1891. Mention will be found of 
The Moor in a very cordial and appreciative 
notice of Mr. Dodwell’s seifs of 1887, by Mr. 
Richard Dean in the Garden of October 15th of that 
year, p. 347. Mr. Dodwell considered The 
Moor and Ivanhoe two' of his best seifs of their 
colour, and has “ starred ” them as such in his book 
on the Carnation (p. g8, last edition). 
As it may be a satisfaction to Mr. A. Dean to see 
Mr. Dodwell’s original lists, I send you the two for 
1887 ^nd 1891 above mentioned, which please 
transmit to him asking him to kindly return them to 
me as they are my only copies. Mr. Dean speaks of his 
Rowena scarlet self, and oddly enough he will 
find in Mr. Dodwell’s list for 1891 a Lady 
Rowena deep pink self. The two raisers had 
evidently favoured the same sources for their names. 
These coincidences sometimes occur, and the only 
remedy for possible confusion is to adopt in such 
cases the old custom of attaching the raiser’s name 
when writing about the flowers—The Moor 
(Dodwell), The Moor (Dean), as the case may 
be.— M. Rowan. [Mr. Dean accepts the explana¬ 
tion, finding in the catalogues sent internal evidence 
that Mr. Dodwell, like himself, went to Scott and 
Shakespeare for his names.— Ed.] 
National Tulip Society. 
The promoters of the southern show of this Society, 
held in the Drill Hall, Westminster, on Tuesday, are 
to be congratulated on the success of their venture, 
for it is a long time since such a fine display of 
florists’ Tulips has been seen in the south. Need¬ 
less to say the exhibitors were few in number, but 
we are not without hope that the show may be the 
means of increasing the number of growers of these 
beautiful late blooming Tulips, so that the number 
of exhibitors may increase likewise as the seasons 
roll on. The following is the prize list:—■ 
Twelve Rectified Tulips:—First, J. W. Bentley, 
Esq,, Stakehill House, Castleton, Manchester, with 
Sir J. Paxton, Ashmoles 126, Annie McGregor, 
Mabel, W. Lea, General Grant, Modesty, Chancellor, 
Bessie, etc.; second, James Thurstan, Esq , Cardiff; 
third, C. W. Needham, Esq., Royton, Oldham; 
fourth, Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent 
Garden ; fifth, Mr. J . Walker, Thame. 
Six Rectified Tulips :—First, J. W. Bentley, Esq., 
with Bessie, Mabel (2), Chancellor, John Mills, and 
Sir J. Paxton; second, J. Thurstan, Esq.; third, 
C. W. Needham, Esq. ; fourth, Messrs. Barr & Son ; 
fifth, Mr. J. Walker. 
Three Tulips, flamed :—First, C. W. Needham, 
Esq., with Mabel, Duchess of Sutherland, and Sir J. 
Paxton; second, J. W. Bentley, Esq.; third, 
J. Thurstan, Esq.; fourth, Mr. J. Walker; fifth, 
Mr. G. Edom, Horeham Road, Sussex. Three 
Tulips, featheredFirst, J. W. Bentley, Esq., 
with Sir S. Smith, Adonis, and Alice, Six Breeder 
Tulips : —First, C. W. Needham, Esq., with 
Horner’s Seedling, Madame St. Armand, Glory 
of Slake Hill, Mrs. Barlow, Leach’s Seedling, 
and Sir J. Paxton; second, J. W. Bentley, Esq.; 
third, J. Thurstan, Esq. ; fourth, Mr. G. Edom. 
Mr. Bentley and Mr. Needham also took the awards 
for the best collections; and Mr. Walker and Dr. 
Hogg also showed interesting collections not for 
competition. 
--f-- 
PENTSTEMONS. 
There is among the garden varieties of Pentstemon 
very many pleasing and attractive sorts, which 
either in the mixed border or planted out in rows by 
themselves produce a most charming and lasting 
effect. There is a wide range of colour among them 
from pure white through various grades of pink to 
deep scarlet and crimson, and from pale lilac to dark- 
chocolate verging to black. Many are most beauti¬ 
fully pencilled in the throat, while others are 
unmarked. The only drawback in connection with 
their use is that they will not stand long in water 
when cut, and but for this defect the cultivation of 
them would be far more general than it is. We 
have often thought that if plants as well furnished 
with foliage and spikes of flower as may sometimes 
be met with, and where their culture is especially 
attended to, could be grown in pots and exhibited at 
our great flower shows, they would make quite a 
sensation. There are comparatively fe'w who really 
know what a wealth of beauty there is among them. 
As regards their culture for flower garden purposes 
nothing is more simple. Any good garden soil 
enriched with decayed manure and leaf soil will suit 
them. They are readily raised from either seed or 
cuttings, and a packet of seeds from a good collection 
should give variety enough ; but those whose space 
fs limited and who like to have everything good and 
up-to-date will do well to procure a selection of 
varieties for a start. Seeds sown early in the season 
in a gentle heat will by careful attention to pricking 
off into shallow pans or boxes, gradually hardening 
them off in cold frames and planting out in rich soil 
by the end of May, will be in flower during August 
and September, when those which are marked for 
keeping should be propagated by cuttings. The 
handiest way is to insert the cuttings in pots ; they 
strike readily in a cold frame kept close and 
occasionally aired till rooted. Keep them in the 
store pots till March, then pot them singly into 
6o's, and when rooted harden them off and plant 
out during April. 
In backward cold seasons it is better to leave them 
till the commencement of May. Sometimes many 
of the plants will survive the winter out in the 
borders, but this must not be depended upon; we 
have seen the old P. gentianoides survive several 
winters in succession, till plants of it formed shrubs 
fully 3 ft. high, and as much in diameter, but the 
improved varieties are far more tender than it.— 
IF. B. G. 
--fo- 
SUCCESSFUL VEGETABLE ^CULTURE. 
The principles underlaying successful vegetable cul¬ 
ture are of the simplest character, yet how often do we 
And the actual practice of many who aspire to grow 
their own vegetables at variance with them. The re¬ 
sults following faulty methods are produce deficient in 
both quantity and quality. One most essential re¬ 
quisite in culinary vegetables is, that they shall be 
crisp and tender, and mild in flavour. To grow them 
to the highest degree of excellence should be the 
aim of all concerned in the management of the 
kitchen garden, and it will only be on rare occasions 
when the seasons are exceptionally favourable that 
anything really first-class will be had from a poorly 
worked and partially starved soil, because in the 
general run of seasons crops growing on ground badly 
cultivated are too long in coming to maturity, and in 
some cases fail to do so to any useful purpose. 
Although they may in a scientific sense be said to 
arrive at maturity very quickly on hot, dry soils, it 
is not the kind of thing required, for being threatened 
with an early death from want of the essentials of 
their existence, the energies of the plants are 
directed to the speedy production of seed to ensure 
the perpetuation of its species, whereas on highly 
cultivated and well manured soils, where abundance 
of water can be applied when requisite, rapid and 
satisfactory growth is assured. 
The earth is the great storehouse for the produc¬ 
tion of food for both man and beast, and seldom 
fails in yielding a rich return of produce for the 
labour expended upon it. There may come a time 
when the vast waste of fertilising matter which is 
sent into the sewers will be utilised universally as it 
is in our own neighbourhood, where, during the 
summer of 1893, extraordinary crops were grown, but 
as regards culinary vegetables there is something yet 
to be learnt, and a special difficulty to be overcome. 
What we allude to is the unpleasant flavour which 
Cabbages, &c., have that are grown on sewage 
farms. I am of opinion that if means were used to 
saturate the ground with the sewage without its 
running among the plants to the extent it does, this 
evil would be obviated. The better class of green¬ 
grocers will not have Cabbages grown on sewage 
farms, although of splendid quality to look at. 
The moderate use of house sewage when obtain¬ 
able in private gardens would immensely benefit 
many of our crops, and largely increase the produce 
without contaminating it, because its application 
could be regulated to meet the requirements of the 
crops. On sewage farms the chief consideration is 
to purify as much water as can possibly be done on 
a given area, resulting oftentimes in the imparting 
to the produce of an unmistakable flavour of sewage 
matter, which, to say the least, is highly objection¬ 
able. Those who have poor, hungry and dry soils 
to deal with have a long task before them as com¬ 
pared with those more happily situated on loam or 
clay. To enrich and fertilise them the use of the 
house sewage would be of more service on these 
light poor soils, as these will readily drain away any 
surplus of water and retain the fertilising matter. 
All garden ground ought to be either bastard or 
fully trenched every three years, as well as manured, 
to get the best results from it. Deep loams which 
have been long under cultivation, two spit deep, 
bring up the bottom spit to the top ; shallow poor 
ground is best only bastard trenched, that is, while 
the soil is stirred two spit deep, the top spit is 
retained at the top and the bottom is only broken 
up and not thrown out. These light soils will eat 
up any quantity of manure, and cow dung and leaf 
soil are more suitable for these than stable manure, 
because they retain moisture longer and, as the 
labourers have it, are more cooling. For soils of a 
heavier nature stable manure is undoubtedly the 
best, and if this is well worked in there will not be 
any great occasion for the use of artificial stimulants, 
which, however, may often be used with advantage 
to hasten the growth of any particular crop as may 
be desirable.— IF. B. G. 
--5-- 
FLOWERING TREES AND 
SHRUBS. 
Much having lately been said and written about 
ornamental flowering trees and shrubs, perhaps a 
note of those grown at Oakwood may be of use to 
some of your readers who intend to plant, and may 
induce others to add to the list, by which other 
gardens including ours will benefit. I give the 
names as we received them, and where the plants 
came from. What induced me to plant was that 
one side of the road approach to our garden was 
very ugly ; the other side, having a grown up hedge 
and Japanese Roses, was well enough, and served as 
one side to an avenue. We began planting in 1882— 
I, Cerasus pendula, this is now a fine weeping tree, 
it came into bloom on Easter Monday, the small 
flowers were very pretty, but did not last long in the 
hot sunny weather; 2, double Biggareau Cherry; 
3, Cerasus Watereri; 4, double Morello Cherry; 5, 
Malus floribundus; 6, Paul’s Crab; 7, Malus 
spectabilis, this had flowers like small Roses; 8, 
Fairy Apple, all the above came from Mr. Bunyard, 
of Maidstone; 9, Prunus Pissardi, this flowered 
beautifully, next to Cerasus pendula in time; 10, 
Fairy Apple, Smith, of Worcester; :r, Malus 
pendula, Vertegans; 12, Malus floribundus; 13, 
Malus spectabilis, these two from Smith, of 
Worcester ; 14,Crataegus semperflorens,Van Houtte ; 
15, Dartmouth Crab, on Paradise Stock, Laxton; 
16, Crataegus tartaricus, Veitch; 17, Ulmus 
Pellewis pendula; 18, variegated Turkey Oak; 19, 
Ulmus campestris rubra, the last three Paul & Son ; 
20, Malus alba plena. Smith, of Worcester; 21, 
Malus Kaisa; 22, Malus, rosy flowered, the last two 
Van Houtte; 23, Malus spectabilis rosea-pleno ; 24, 
Malus spectabilis albo-pleno ; 25, Malus spectabilis 
Reevesii, the last three from Morrison, of Aberdeen ; 
26, Malus floribundus atro-rubens, from Messrs. 
Veitch & Sons, this was especially admired by 
visitors, the colour of the open flowers being about 
as dark as that of the buds of the usual form. The 
whole made a satisfactory side of an avenue, and 
there is always something pretty in flower, fruit, or 
foliage. I see that I have left out a Weeping Thorn ; 
the flowers are but the ordinary May, but both the 
flowers and fruit on the hanging boughs are very 
pretty. —George F. IF//so/!, Heatherbank, Weybn'dge. 
—-- 
BOUGAINVILLEA GLABRA 
SANDER’S VAR. 
Through the courtesy of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., 
St. Albans, we are now in a position to give an 
illustration of the above beautiful and floriferous 
variety of an old garden favourite. The small state 
in which it will flower, and the length of time it con¬ 
tinues to develop fresh bloom, should render it a 
favourite with everybody. The illustration speaks 
for itself, and is in no way exaggerated. For full 
description see p. 562. 
