600 
May 19, 1894. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
brought in by growth from the leaves. There are 
two periods of ripening—one on the tree, the other 
afterwards ; some ripen entirely on the plant, others 
grow better after picking. Raspberries, Straw¬ 
berries, and Blackberries gain to a certain extent 
after picking ; the Grape never ripens after picking, 
but remains in the same condition it was when 
picked, except that evaporation may remove a con¬ 
siderable portion of water. The Pear is always 
better if picked a few days before it would naturally 
drop from the tree. The Apple follows a middle 
course, partly ripening on the tree and completing 
the process in the fruit-house or cellar. After fruit 
is fully ripe, we wish to keep it for use either fresh, 
dried, or preserved. The ferments become active in 
ripening, and continue their work afterward. There 
are minute fungous growths that spring from spores 
floating in the air. Plucked fruits are essentially 
dead matter, and thus are liable to attacks from the 
destructive bacteria of the fungous growth.—G. C. 
CaldweH, in Mark Lane Express. 
-H*-- 
SOCIETIES. 
Crystal Palace, May gth and lotli .—The great summer 
exhibition was held as usual in the Palace. The 
arrangement of the plants was different from that of 
former occasions. The groups and classes were 
scattered through the whole building, but the central 
area was kept as open as possible for the convenience 
of those promenading to and fro in the building. The 
scattered tables here were occupied with dwarf 
plants, while the tall subjects and large groups of 
every kind were relegated to the side areas. Cut 
flowers, groups of Roses, miscellaneous exhibits and 
table decorations were confined to the central 
transept. The latter exhibits were numerous, and 
attracted considerable attention. 
The first prize for a group of stove and greenhouse 
plants in bloom was awarded to Mr. Albert Offer, 
Handcross Park Gardens, Crawley. His specimens 
were the smallest of any, but presented a fresh and 
healthy appearance and good culture. His best 
plants were Erica ventricosa coccinea minor, 
Statice profusa, Clivia miniata splendens, Darwinia 
fuchsioides. Azalea Roi de Holland and A. Barronne 
de Vriere. Mr. W. Finch, gardener to J. Marriott, 
Esq., Queen’s Road, Coventry, and Mr. H. James, 
West Norwood, were equal second, and had huge 
plants of Erica Cavendishi, E. affinis, E. ventricosa 
coccinea minor, Epacris miniata splendens, &c. Mr 
J. F. Mould, Pewsey, Wilts, took the third position. 
Mr. C. Turner, Slough, had the best nine Azaleas in 
large conical well-flowered bushes of Due de Nassau, 
Roi de Holland, Jean Vervaene and others. Mr. 
A. Offer was second : and Mr. H. James came in 
third. The leading prize for nine fine-foliage 
plants was taken by Mr. A. Offer with huge speci¬ 
mens of Croton angustifolium, Anthurium magnifi- 
cum, Alocasia Thibautiana, Eucephalartos Alten- 
steinii, &c. The second prize went to Mr. W. Finch, 
and Mr. H. James was third. Mr. A. Offer again came 
to the front with F'erns, showing^some large and 
healthy specimens. Mr. William Howe, gardener 
to Henry Tate, Esq , Park Hill, Streatham Common, 
took the second place; and was followed by Mr. 
H. James. The same order was maintained for 
Crotons, those shown by Mr. A. Offer being large 
and handsomely coloured. Mr. J. Lambert, 
gardener to H. W. Segelcke, Esq. Elfindale Lodge, 
Herne Hill, had the best twelve Dracaenas, which 
were evenly proportioned in size and well coloured; 
Mr. William Howe and Mr. A. Offer were second 
and third respectively. Messrs. J, Laing & Sons 
were the only exhibitors of Caladiums, which formed 
a large group replete with much variety and hand¬ 
some colouring, and deservedly took the first award. 
Mr. C. Turner and Mr. John Odell, Goulds Green, 
Hillingdon, took the first and second prizes re¬ 
spectively, both for show and fancy Pelargoniums. 
The best of the four exhibits was the first prize, one 
for fancy kinds which were wonderfully well flowered. 
Lady Carrington, Ellen Beck, Princess Teck and 
Ambassadress were the best flowered sorts, but all 
were good. Mr. Thos. Crosswell, gardener to W. 
M. Bullivant, Esq., Homewood, Eden Park, Becken¬ 
ham, had the best Calceolarias. The leading prize 
for eighteen Azaleas was taken by Mr. Turner, with 
small, conical, well-flowered bushes. He was followed 
by Mr. Robert Wells, Longton Nursery, Sydenham. 
Mr. C. Turner again came to the front with eighteen 
pot Roses, which were well furnished with large and 
fresh blooms. Mr. Wm. Rumsey, Waltham Cross, 
took the second award in this case. Mr. A. Offer had 
the best Palms in huge specimens of Kentia Canter- 
buryana, &c., Mr. W. Finch and Mr. H. James were 
second and third respectively. Mr. J. Lambert was 
the only exhibitor of Lycopods, which were moderate 
in size and fresh. Mr. F. Hooper, Widcombe Hill, 
Bath, had the best twenty-four Pansies in pots ; all 
were fancy varieties and good for this early time of 
the year. Mr. T. P. MacGregor, gardener to the 
Dowager Lady Hay, North House, Putney Hill, was 
second with some pretty bedding Violas. Mr. W. 
Salmon, Elder Road, West Norwood, was third with 
seedlings. The first award for a collection of hardy 
herbaceous, bulbous and alpine plants, was taken by 
Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham. 
The collection was large and varied, including Lilium 
dahuricum. Spiraea palmata, Silene virginica. Phlox 
canadensis, Saxifraga calyciflora, Lithospermum 
prostratum, and many other fine things. Messrs- 
Paul & Son, Cheshunt, were second. Mr. T. S. Ware 
was the only exhibitor of Tuberous Begonias, taking 
the first prizes for both singles and doubles, which 
were very fine, especially the latter class. Mr. C. 
Turner was the only exhibitor of Alpine Auriculas, 
which were fresh and varied. Mr. J. Portbury, 
gardener to W. N. Troy, Esq , Ripon House, Putney 
Heath, took the first award for dinner table plants, 
which were neat and handsome; Mr. C. Lane 
gardener to E. H. Coles, Esq., Burntwood, Caterham^ 
Surrey, was second ; and Mr. T. P. MacGregor was 
third. Messrs. J. Laing & Sons had by far the best 
group of plants arranged for effect, and consisting of 
Palms, Crotons, Caladiums, Begonias, Dracaenas, 
Orchids, &c. Mr. W. Finch was second, but his 
group was too flat ; Mr. H. James was third. Mr. 
W. Finch and Mr. C. Lane had the prizes for cut 
flowers of s^ove and greenhouse plants, the first 
having by far the best exhibit. Messrs. Paul & Son 
were the only exhibitors of hardy cut flowers, includ¬ 
ing shrubs. Numerous miscellanous exhibits added 
considerably to the effect of the show. Messrs. J. 
Laing & Sons, F'orest Hill, had a large collection of 
cut flowers of herbaceous plants, including Lilies, 
Irises, Violas, Tulips, Paeonies,&c. They also hada 
table of Caladiums, Coleus, &c. Mr. T. S. Ware had 
a small table of single and double, tuberous Begonias 
in fresh and neat condition, including some fine 
varieties. Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son, Highgate, 
had a group of herbaceous plants, including Rogersia 
podophylla, Cheiranthus alpinus, and the rare Arum 
proboscideum. He also had a general collection of 
Carnation Uriah Pike, Tree Paeonies, Azaleas and 
New Holland plants. Tree Paeony Reine Elizabeth 
was very fine. Mr. Geo. May, Upper Teddington, 
had a group of Carnation Uriah Pike, which is now 
so popular. Mr. James Pike, Acton, W., had also a 
fine group of the same Carnation. Messrs. W. 
Balchin & Sons, Hassocks, Brighton, had a pretty 
group of Boronia serrulata and Leschenaultia. Mis¬ 
cellaneous plants were shown by Mr. W. Leakey, 
gardener to J. M. Douglas, Esq., Kuparra, Upper 
Norwood. Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham 
Cross, had a very large group of Roses in front of the 
orchestra. Mr. Wm. Rumsey had a smaller group 
of Roses and cut flowers, including Marechal Niel. 
- ^ - 
MANCHESTER WHITSUNTIDE SHOW. 
The twenty-seventh annual National Horticultural 
Exhibition, which was opened in the Botanical 
Gardens at Old Trafford on the nth inst., was quite 
up to the standard of recent years, and especially 
rich as regards the display of groups and of Orchids 
in particular; but though the weather was fine the 
first two days, the attendance of visitors was not so 
large by any means as could be desired. The grand 
specimen Orchids that used to come from the late 
Mr. George Hardy’s collection were undoubtedly 
missed, but in a great measure their absence was 
counterbalanced by the contributions of others, and 
some new exhibitors. For a group of Orchids in 
bloom, Mr. Stevens, gardener to J. Thompson, Esq., 
Stone, came in first with a grand lot, the second 
award going to F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton- 
on-Mersey, and the third to S. Ashworth, Esq., 
Wilmslow. Mr. J. Cypher, of Cheltenham, an old 
and most successful competitor at old Trafford, was 
again present in his accustomed good form, securing 
the premier award for a Nurseryman’s group of 
Orchids, and for a collection of Cattleyas and Laelias 
beating in the former competition his fellow towns¬ 
men, Messrs. Heath & Son, and in the latter, T 
Statter, Esq , of Stand Hall, Whitefield. Mr. Cypher 
also secured the first prize for a collection of Den- 
drobiums, a silver cup for the best ten Azaleas, the 
first prize for a collection of stove and greenhouse 
plants, and the third prize for a collection of Cypri- 
pediums in bloom, in which competition W. R. Lee, 
Esq., Andinshaw, was first, and T. Statter. Esq., 
second. The best fifteen Orchids in bloom came 
from E. Ashworth, Esq , the second award going 
to W. R. Lee, Esq. ; while for ten specimen Orchids, 
the first prize, a silver cup, went to Messrs. Heath & 
Son, while a similar premier award went to F. Hardy. 
Esq., for a group cf Odontoglossum crispum, 
J. Thompsom, Esq., and W. R. Lee, Esq., taking 
the other prizes. For twenty Orchids in bloom a 
silver cup was awarded to H. Shaw, Esq., Ashton- 
under-Lyne; and Mr. Statter also secured another 
cup for a collection of hybrid Orchids. 
The winning group of miscellaneous plants 
arranged for effect, and which were exceedingly 
good, came from Mr. McIntyre, gardener to Mrs. 
Pease, Darlington, Miss Lord, Ashton-on-Mersey 
and Messrs. R. P. Kerr & Son, Liverpool, and in an 
amateurs’ class for a smaller group Miss Lord came in 
first, Mrs. Blair, Whalley Range, taking the second 
prize. Next to the groups the collections of Roses 
created the most interest, grand lots being staged by 
Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, and Messrs. Paul 
& Son, who were first and second in the order 
named, James Brown. Esq., Heaton Mersey, coming 
in third. In other classes Mr. Brown secured a 
Silver Cup for twelve Roses in pots, and Messrs. 
Paul & Son a first prize for t A'enty. 
Other first prizes went to R. P. Gill, Esq., for a 
beautiful collection of hardy herbaceous plants; 
to Mr. Charles Turner, for a dozen show Pelar¬ 
goniums ; to John Heywood, Esq , for a collection 
of plants grown in the township of Stretford ; and to 
Messrs. W. and J. Birkenhead. Sale, for a beautiful 
group of twenty hardy Ferns. Miscellaneous groups 
as usual played an important part, and among them 
were a very fine collection of Orchids and new 
plants, six of which were awarded first-class 
certificates, from Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, 
Upper Flolloway; a collection of new plants from 
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans ; showy collec¬ 
tions of Orchids from Messrs. Charlesworth. 
Shuttleworth &Co., Heaton, Bradford, and Messrs. 
W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, London; and 
Carnations from Mr. James Pike, South Acton, 
London. 
WHAT TO DO IN THE GARDEN. 
Cyanophyllum magnificum. — Those who 
possess old plants of this fine foliaged stove 
plant can get a good stock of it by taking off the 
lading points as cuttings. The stool should still be 
kept in a propagating pit or stove, where it will, in 
due course, throw out side shoots to be succeeded 
by others as they are taken off. 
Clerodendr-ons.—Old plants of C. falax should 
have their leading shoots pinched if they are 
inclined to push away in advance of the others, so 
as to secure a greater number of flowering stems. 
Of course this stopping must suffice, otherwise 
flowers cannot be expected in autumn. Young 
plants of C. Balfourianum should be stopped several 
times if need be to obtain bushy plants, or, in other 
words, to lay a good foundation from which 
numerous shoots can be obtained for training into 
shapely specimens. 
Begonias for Winter Flowering. —To obtain 
good bushy plants to be in full bloom by Christmas, 
the cuttings should now be taken off and rooted forth¬ 
with. The garden hybrids that may be used for this 
purpose are now very numerous, and some are very 
beautiful. The old B. insignis need not be over¬ 
looked, for it is still deserving of the cultivator’s 
best care. Other good kinds are B. sempervirens 
rosea, B. s. carminata gigantea, B. gloire de Sceau, 
B. gloire de Nancy, and many others according to 
the grower’s fancy. 
Thyrsacanthus rutilans.—Cuttings of this 
may be rooted to form young plants for succession; 
but old ones grown in standard form with single 
stems of varying heights are very pretty and allow 
