May 19| 1894. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
601 
the flowering racemes to be'suspended in a'graceful 
fashion. 
Poinsettias. —The more forward of the growths 
will now be sufficiently long to be taken off and 
rooted. Slip them off with a heel of the old wood, 
using a sharp knife. They will form the earliest 
batch, and generally have the largest heads. The 
best plan is to place them separately in thumb pots, 
using light sandy soil. 
Eranthemums. —If already rooted, pot off the 
young plants at once, and when established in the 
fresh soil, pinch out the leading shoot, and repeat 
this as growth continues till a bushy foundation for 
well-furnished plants is formed. 
Temperature in the Stove. — The night 
temperature should now be kept at 70°, with a pro¬ 
portionate rise by day. The paths and all available 
spaces should be freely damped down several times 
a day and syringing freely given to keep down insect 
vermin of all kinds. Close early to economise sun 
heat. 
Azaleas. —Judicious shading during the day will 
prolong the duration of the flowers considerably. 
Whenever they get too far past their best as to be 
useless for decorative purposes the remainder of the 
bloom and all the seed vessels should be removed. 
The plants may then be put in a stove temperature 
to encourage good growth for next year’s show of 
bloom. 
Celosias. —Seeds for a late batch may now be 
sown; the plants cannot be expected to attain a 
large size, but they will be useful notwithstanding 
for late work in the conservatory. The main batch 
of plants should be encouraged to grow with bottom 
heat, a high temperature, plenty of ventilation 
during the day, and close attention in the matter of 
watering and repotting. 
Vines. —Grapes now hanging ripe should be kept 
cool and freely ventilated, with a little air on all 
night. A higher temperature should be maintained 
in later houses where the fruit is just colouring. 
White Grapes, such as Foster’s Seedling and Buck- 
land’s Sweetwater, should be more exposed to light 
than the black kinds,, elevating the bunches or 
turning aside the leaves for that purpose. The 
atmosphere should be kept on the dry side where 
Madersfield Court is grown, but the Vines must not 
at any time lack a due amount of water at the roots, 
otherwise the berries may crack when the roots are 
heavily watered after being dry. 
Figs.—As the fruit in the second early house 
approaches maturity, a high temperature should be 
maintained so that air can be given, for upon that 
the flavour will depend to a great extent. Syringing 
should be carried on till the fruits begin to soften, 
but after that the atmospheric moisture must be kept 
up by liberal damping down of all available spaces. 
Peaches on Open Walls. —If not already 
accomplished, the borders in front of Peach, 
Nectarine, and Apricot trees should be lightly 
loosened up with the fork, and then covered with a 
coating of stable manure sufficiently decayed to 
prevent its being blown about by the wind. The soil 
will then remain in a condition to take in any water 
that may be applied during the growing season and 
retain it. Disbudding and the tying down of the 
leading shoots should be prosecuted diligently. 
Retain no shoots except those actually required as 
bearing ones for next year. 
Strawberries. —Fresh plantations may be made 
with the Strawberries that have been forced after 
the crop is gathered. Harden them off and take 
them to the ground immediately ; plant and water 
them at once. If this is seen to it will prevent the 
stunting of the plants through starvation and in¬ 
attention. 
Bedding Plants. —Where the beds are not now 
occupied with bedding subjects, the hardier kinds to 
be used for summer bedding may be put out at once 
to relieve the pressure of work a little later on. 
Such things as Calceolarias, Echeveria secunda 
glauca. Thymus, Cerastium, Saxifragas, and all the 
hardier subjects used in carpet bedding, may be got 
into position at once, and with advantage, for they 
will be getting established while the ground is still 
moist. 
Annuals. —Attend to the timely thinning of these 
in the open ground, for upon its being done early 
will depend to a great extent the vigour of the 
plants. Half hardy kinds under glass should be 
transplanted from the seed pans long before they 
become crowded. They suffer less check when 
transferred to their permanent quarters after being 
treated in this way than when taken immediately 
from seed pans or boxes. 
QUGscions AHD snsuieRs 
Names of Plants.— E.K. : i, Tiarella cordi- 
folia; 2, Doronicum austriacum ; 3, Pulmonaria 
officinalis; 4, Scilla hispanica, often called S. 
campanulata. Ribes aureum. Omega'. 
'I he blue flower was the English Bluebell (Scilla 
nutans); the other was Red Campion (Lychnis 
diurna). J.H. ; Paeonia officinalis flore pleno.' 
M.C. : I, Phlox amoena ; 2. Phlox subulata ; 3, 
Veronica gentianoides; 4, Clematis montana; 5, 
Aquilegia chrysantha. W.M.C : It is impossible to 
name florists’ flowers unless by those constantly 
amongst them; otherwise we should be glad to help 
you. The best way would be to compare the blooms 
with others in a properly named collection. No. 2 
appears to be General Jacqueminot : 3, A. K. 
Williams; and 7 possibly Sir Rowland Hill. 
Vine Leaves Scorched. — J.G .: After carefully 
examining the specimens sent us, it is evident that it 
is realty a case of scorching by the sun in the early 
part of the day. The bright and warm weather 
experienced during the last month was all very well 
during the day, but for that very reason there was 
generally a great amount of radiation at night, that 
is, the skies were clear, and the nights consequently 
cold. In the absence of fire heat, there must have 
been a great condensation of moisture at night, and 
the leaves must have been very wet in the morning. 
Those farthest away from the glass would retain 
their moisture longest and be most liable to danger 
should a bright sun strike upon them. You have 
taken the safest course you could adopt by using a 
little fire heat at night, no matter how warm it 
might have been during the day, and by continuing 
it till the end of June would be much safer than 
letting the vines take their chance. You could 
leave a little ventilation on all night, if the weather 
is as warm as it ought to be by that time. Where 
fire heat is suddenly left off at night, less damping 
down should suffice than is customary when the 
house is being closed for the night 
Apple Leaves Curled. — B. : The leaves sent us 
were infestea with Apple aphis (Aphis mali), a very 
troublesome pest when it extends its operations over 
the whole tree. As a rule, however, it does not 
affect the whole tree, but only a part of it, particu¬ 
larly the first developed leaves. All those infested 
like the specimens sent should be pulled off and 
burnt to destroy the insects safely hidden by the 
curling of the leaves. As the season advances the 
insects spread over the shoots in a more exposed 
condition, if no effort has been made to deal with 
them earlier. After removing the curled and red 
leaves you should syringe the tree or the affected 
parts with a paraffin emulsion made up in the 
following way :—Boil one pound of soft soap in a 
gallon of water for ten minutes, then add a wineglass 
full of paraffin and stir well. When cold and you 
want to use it. add about ten gallons of water, and mix 
it well with the syringe. Apply the mixture in the 
form of a fine spray till all the shoots and leaves 
affected with the fly are well wetted. 
Books on Botany.— Dymock : We do not know of 
any book that would exactly suit the purpose you 
mention without getting a more expensive work than 
you seem to desire, and making some attempt at 
mastering the botanical technicalities to some extent 
at least. The following are some of those that come 
nearest what you want, although we are afraid the 
book has yet to be written that would fully meet the 
case:—" Flowers of the Field," by C. A. Johns, 5s., 
published by the Society for Promoting Christian 
Knowledge; "Weeds and Wild Flowers,” by Lady 
Wilkinson, los. 6d., published by the successor to 
John Van Voorst, i. Paternoster Row; "An Illus¬ 
trated Key to the Natural Orders of British Wild 
Flowers," by John E. Sowerby, 7s. 6d., published by 
the last-named firm; "Handbook of the British 
Flora," by G. Bentham, los. 6d., and with illustra¬ 
tions to the same another los. 6d., published by 
Reeve & Co., Henrietta Street, Covent Garden; 
" Illustrations of British Flora, ” by Fitch & Smith, 
los. 6d., published by Reeve & Co. ; " The Botanist’s 
Pocket Book,” by W. R. Hayward, 4s, 6d. (no 
illustrations), published by Geo. Bell & Sons, York 
Street, Covent Carden ; " A Handy Book for the 
Rambling Botanist,” by S. Hibberd, 6s. 6d., 
published by Collingridge, The City Press; " Wild 
Flowers," by M. Plues, 7s. 6d., published by Geo, 
Bell & Sons. We would advise you to get separate 
books on the different subjects if you wish to be able 
to determine all kinds of flowering plants which you 
may meet. You may get them at different times, as 
you could not study them all at once if you had 
them. 
Thinning Spurs of Pears. — Omega : The spurs 
on old Pear trees are very apt to get crowded, 
especially on trees that are regularly pruned every 
year. When this is the case the shoots become too 
numerous either to grow vigorously or get a proper 
share of light and nourishment. They cannot 
produce flower buds under those conditions, or if 
flowers are formed they seldom set fruit. The 
number of shoots to be left depends on various 
circumstances, such as the contiguity or otherwise 
of the spurs themselves. From one to three shoots 
may be left according to their strength and the space 
at command. This is a matter to be determined by 
the judgment of the operator when he sees the trees. 
Learning Grammar. — Omega : There is nothing 
to prevent a young gardener from acquiring a know¬ 
ledge of English or any other grammar if he gives 
his mind to it. Of course, it cannot be learned in a 
day, and to thoroughly master it he should persevere 
for some time. School books change so often that 
we cannot say what is the most popular book at 
present. That, however, is a matter of small im¬ 
portance A book may be very old and quite as good, 
or even better than a new one. " Murray’s English 
Grammar" is, we believe, a good one,but if you cannot 
get that the best plan would be to apply to some 
local bookseller who deals in school books. 
Arrangement of Colours,— Bediing : i, 
in your sketch we should slightly elevate above the 
surrounding level, fill it with Mesembryanthemum, 
edge it with some of the dark Alternantheras. then 
plant with a double row of Echeveria secunda glauca. 
In the centre of the two circles we should place a 
small Dracaena, either a green or a coloured one, or 
some other similar habited plant of a different colour 
from the Mesembryanthemum; 2, we should fill 
with Iresine Wallsii and edge it with Kleinia repens. 
The habit of these two would correspond better 
with one another than would Iresine and Echeveria ; 
3, might be filled with Stellaria graminea aurea as 
you propose, but we should prefer Mentha or 
Herniaria glabra, for the sake of the cool relieving 
contrast of green with the other brighter colours. 
A single or a double row of Echeveria would make a 
more massive and solid edging to the bed than 
Kleinia, more especially if the bed is slightly raised 
above the surrounding level of the grass. 
Communications Received. — T, W. H —G H R 
—A. O.—W, C.—H. J.J.—E. B.—C. H, T —T w' 
—R.—E. C. ■ 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
May 16th, 1894. 
ArtichokesGlobedoz. 3 0 
Beans, French, perlb. i 6 
Beet.per dozen 2 0 
Cabbages ... per doz. i 6 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 6 
Carrots, new, per bch. i 6 
Cauliflowers, Eng.dz. 3 0 
Celery.per bundle i 6 
Cucumbers .each 0 4 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 
Herbs .per bunch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 2 0 
s. d. 
Pine apples. 
—St. Michael's, each 2 6 
Strawberries, per lb. 
Box oft rail . i 0 
Morning gathered 2 0 
Retail Prices. 
X. d. 
Lettuces ...per dozen 2 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket i 0 
Onions.per bunch 0 4 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen i 6 
Seakale.,.per basket 0 o 
Sinallsalading.punnet o 4 
Spinach per bushel 3 0 
Tomatos. per lb. i o 
Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
Turnips,new,per bch. i 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices, 
s, d s. d. 
Apples.per bushel 4 0 10 o 
Tasmanian Apples, 
per case 80126 
New Grapes, per lb. 2 o 3 o j 
Vegetables.—Average 
t. d. s. d. 
6 0 
2 0 
3 0 
2 6 
6 0 
2 o 
o 8 
3 0 
0 6 
s. d 
6 0 
I 6 
5 o 
I, d, 
3 0 
I 6 
0 6 
o 0 
I 6 
I. d. t. d. 
Arum Lilies, per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Aspidistra, per doz 18 o 42 o 
—speciinenplants,each5 0 15 o 
Cineraria,per doz ... 5 0 90 
Cyperus .per doz. 40120 
Dracaena term., doz. 18 0 36 0 
Dracaena viridis,doz. 9 0 18 0 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 o 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 0 18 0 
Ferns, small, per 100 4 o 10 0 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 0 60 0 ; 
Genista...per doz. 60120 
Heaths.per doz. 9 0 24 o | 
Cut Flowers.—Averac 
Hydrangea...per doz. 9 0 24 o 
Ivy Geraniums, doz. 40 80 
Lobelia .per doz. 40 60 
Marguerites, perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Mignonette, per doz 40 80 
Nasturtiuns.perdoz. 16 60 
Palms in variety,each 2 6 10 0 
Palms, Specimen ... 15 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums.per dz. 9 o 18 0 
—scarlet.per doz...40 60 
Spiraea...per doz.... 6 o 12 0 
Stocks..;.perdoz. 3050 
E Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. i 6 
Azalea, dozen sprays o 4 
Bluebells, 12 bun. i o 
Bcuvardias, per bun. 0 6 
Carnations...per doz. i 0 
Cowslips, 12 bun. ... i 0 
Eucharis ...per doz. 3 0 
Forget-me-Not, 
doz. bchs. i 3 
Gardenias 12 blooms i 0 
Heliotropes, 12sprays 0 6 
Iris .doz. bchs. 5 o 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 2 0 
Lilium candidum 
doz. bchs. 12 0 
Lilium candidum 
doz. blms. o 6 
Lily of the Valley, 
doz. bchs. 4 o 
Lily of the Valley, doz. 
sprays.0 6 
LilacFrench.per bch. 2 6 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs. 4 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 2 o 
s. d. 
3 0 
o 9 
I 6 
1 0 
3 0 
2 O 
4 0 
3 0 
3 o 
4 0 
18 0 
0 9 
9 0 
I 0 
4 o 
6 0 
4 0 
I, d. s. d. 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 40 60 
Narciss, various, 
doz. bchs. 30 60 
Orchid Bloom in var. 
per bloom, from 03 10 
Pelargoniums 12 sps. 06 09 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 40 60 
Poppies ...doz. bchs. 20 60 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 40 60 
Primula, double, bun. 06 10 
Roses (French) 
doz. blooms 10 20 
Roses, yellow, dozen 20 40 
— Red.doz. blms. 1630 
— Saffrano...per doz. 16 20 
— Tea.per dozen 06 20 
Spiraea, 12 bun. 40 60 
Stocks.doz. bchs. 20 30 
Tuberoses, per doz 06 i o 
Tulips, doz. blooms 02 06 
Violets, Parma, French 
per bch. 2636 
Violets, French 
per bch. 09 10 
Wallflowers, doz.bchs.i 626 
OOnSTTEOSTTS. 
PAGE 
Araucarias.598 
Barron, Mr. A. F..597 
Beet Fungus.592 
Bifrenaria inodora.595 
Brussels Sprouts.595 
Catasetum tenebrosum.595 
Crown Imperial, the .593 
Crystal Palace Flower 
Show .600 
Cvpripedium mocrachilum 
giganteum.595 
Dendrobiuni cretacoum ...595 
Dendrobium del.ense.595 
Dendrobium Wardianum 
Candidum.595 
Disa langleyensis .595 
Findlay, Mr. B., presenta¬ 
tion to. —592 
Fruit prospects .596 
Fruit, ripening of .599 
Gardeners’ Calendar.600 
Hose, Garden,.599 
PAGE 
; Ivies at Chiswick.593 
Imported Fruit.591 
Lilac trade in Paris .59S 
Magnolia Lennei .599 
Manchester Show.600 
Mildew on Roses.596 
Odontoglossum crispum 
apiculatum .595 
Pears under glass .599 
Plants, new, Certificated ...594 
Point Judging .596 
Richardia Pentlandii.599 
Rosery, the .596 
Royal Gardeners’ Orphan 
Fund ...597 
Senecio sagittifolius.599 
Tulip, the florists’ .591 
Vegetable Garden, the.595 
Victoria Lily of the Valley 592 
Wasps.593 
Weather anJ the Country 591 
Witch plant, the ..599 
