May 26, 1894. 
617 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
given in each case. The life history of the Phylloxera 
of the Vine is given at considerable length, but the 
remedies are few, and mostly if not all of them men¬ 
tioned are such as are practised in Europe. Some 
methods of treatment are given to check the ravages 
of the Onion maggot, but planting the crop at a 
distance from where it grew the previous year is 
suggested as the best preventive measure. Whether 
the Onions should be transplanted, as is often done 
in America, is not clearly stated. 
Judging from the great number of insects men¬ 
tioned as injurious to the Apple, and the few that 
infest the Plum and the Pear, one would be led to 
infer that the two latter trees were not subject to 
many insect enemies; but we are more inclined to 
look upon them as crops of less importance than the 
Apple, and that a large number of insects that infest 
both the Plum and Pear have been ignored. The 
same applies to the Cherry and the Peach. On the 
contrary, it is astonishing to note the number of 
insects that are recorded as injurious to the Straw¬ 
berry. Many of the insects described are evidently 
importations from Europe, and the Americans are 
particular to notify such. The imported Cabbage 
worm (Pieris rapae) is with us the green-veined 
butterfly. 
AZALEAS IN THE OPEN AIR. 
We are so accustomed to regard the so-called 
Indian, the Chinese and the Japanese Azaleas as 
tender or greenhouse plants that their open air 
cultivation is seldom attempted. We have on 
several occasions seen some of the varieties of A. 
indica and A. amoena in the open air, though as a 
rule in sheltered positions. An attempt has been 
made to grow them in the open air at Kew, a bed 
having been filled with different kinds, including some 
allied plants. At present A. indica alba is making 
the bravest display. It is the tallest, and is covered 
with a wealth of large, pure white blossoms that are 
conspicuous at a distance. In our experience, this is 
one of, if not the hardiest of the Indian Azaleas. 
Next in importance at present is A. amoena 
Caldwelli, whose flowers are of a deep rose, two or 
three times as large as the type, and produced in 
such abundance on a dwarf plant as to be quite 
effective and attractive. The flowers do not ^seem 
to have been soiled or injured in any way by ex¬ 
posure. The flowers of A. calyciflora are similar in 
shape and size to those of A. amoena ; the calyx is 
coloured like the corolla, but both are of a deep red, 
or in popular language would often be described as 
scarlet. The flowers of this form are now past their 
best. A rare and curious species is A. linearifolia, a 
Japanese species introduced in 1869, but not often 
seen in this country. It flowers in February when 
grown in a greenhouse. The leaves are linear and 
so are the wavy pale rose segments of the co.-olla. 
In these respects it is very distinct, but not very 
conspicuous unless unusually well flowered. 
IHAT TO DO IN THE GARDEN. 
Anthupiums.— The spathes of A. Scherzerianum 
and the numerous garden hybrids that have been 
raised within the last few years will last longer in 
perfect condition if they are removed from the warm 
and moist atmosphere in which they have been 
grown to a cool and airy structure. Less water will 
be required under the cool conditions, unless the 
sun is strong and dries it up. 
Spiraeas.— The last batch of Astilbe japonica, 
better known as Spiraea japonica, should now be 
taken under glass to develop its flowers, which come 
of a much purer white when so treated. Plants that 
have already done duty and are no longer fit for 
decorative purposes may be planted out in reserve 
ground of a rich and moist nature. Some growers 
even take out a shallow trench and plant in that, 
because water can more readily be supplied. 
Richardias. —Those that have done flowering 
can be put in the open air at once. Trenches a foot 
in depth should be taken out, then manured with 
some well made material, and the plants inserted a 
foot apart in the trenches and well watered imme¬ 
diately. Frequent watering during the summer 
would prove beneficial. 
Salvias.—See that the stock of young plants is 
shifted on before the roots became pot bound. The 
present also affords an excellent opportunity for 
laying a good foundation for bushy specimens. 
Finch out the leading shoots successively until the 
desired number of branches is obtained. Never 
suffer the plants to get crowded, but see that they 
are properly exposed to light and air to prevent 
their becoming drawn. 
Conservatory Climbers. — Growth is so rapid 
at this season of the year that the rambling shoots of 
climbers get intricately interlaced with one 
another. If this state of things is allowed to gain 
the mastery, it is almost impossible to get the shoots 
into order again. It is not so much pruning as a 
judicious thinning and regulation of the shoots that 
are wanted. Heavy watering will be necessary for 
some months to come where the climbers are grow¬ 
ing in narrow borders. 
Peaches.—Before the fruits ripen, the trees 
should receive the final watering till the crop is 
gathered. Fairly strong liquid jmanure may be used. 
Elevate the fruits or turn aside the leaves so that 
they may be fully exposed to light to develop the 
colour in its best possible condition for the variety, 
and also to improve the flavour. Stop very gross 
growing shoots, whether in the early or later houses. 
The thinning of the fruit and the tying down of the 
shoots will have to be carried on in successive 
houses. 
Melons.—If the fruits in the second early bouse 
are threatening to be ripe before they are wanted, 
they may be retarded to a slight extent by shading 
during the heat of the day, and by giving more 
ventilation to keep them cool. When fruits become 
too plentiful at any given time they may be cut 
before they are fully ripe, wrapped in tissue paper 
and placed away in a drawer in a dry place. By 
taking this precaution they may be kept good for a 
week 
Cucumbers.—Spring raised plants that have 
been in bearing for some time and are getting past 
their best, may be recuperated considerably by 
removing all or nearly all the fruits that are in any 
way fit to cut. Then thin away exhausted shoots 
that have borne a crop and top dress the beds with 
some rich material. Keep the foliage well syringed 
and a set of bearing shoots will soon develop and 
bear again heavily in a short time. In the case of 
plants trained over beds in pits, the stems may be 
lifted up, a top dressing given, and then the shoots 
pegged down into the fresh material. 
Auriculas.—Now that the plants are out of 
bloom they may be repotted. Some growers prefer 
to do it later, but many of the leading cultivators do 
it after the plants go out of bloom and succeed 
perfectly. Offsets that were put in about the end of 
last summer will certainly derive advantage by being 
repotted at once. Seedlings also require much 
attention to encourage rapid and healthy growth. 
Carnations and Picotees.—The ground is 
now fairly moist and to keep it in this condition the 
surface should be mulched with short and fairly well 
rotted manure. Stake the flower stems before they 
get broken down. 
Dahlias.—Preparations should now be made for 
planting out the Dahlias. The ground should first 
be marked out and the stakes driven at once. It is 
an easy matter to plant the Dahlias afterwards and 
tie them to the stakes immediately ; there is then no 
danger of injuring the roots by driving stakes 
amongst them In cold localities planting might be 
deferred to the middle of June. 
Hollyhocks.—As the flower stems lengthen, 
stake them to prevent their being broken down by 
the wind. Mulch the ground to retain the moisture, 
as upon that will depend to some extent their ability 
to withstand red spider in the dry weather. A 
heavy syringing will then be necessary as occasion 
makes it necessary. 
-- 
Quescions abd AnsojsR? 
Flower Bedding.— : Your plan should 
answer very well ; but we think a triple edging to 
the largest bed would improve it. For instance. No. 
6 might have a line of some pink Pelargonium next 
the crimson Begonias, then Pelargonium Flower of 
Spring and blue Lobelia would finish it off. Begonia 
sempervirens Vernon’s var. would make a fine con¬ 
trast to the white Begonias in No. 4 ; Pelargonium 
Crystal Palace Gem outside of that should be kept 
very dwarf, otherwise you might use blue Lobelia. 
In No. 7, if the size of the bed would permit of it, 
a line of Begonia sempervirens Vernon’s var., with 
its bronzy-red foliage, would contrast beautifully 
with Princess Beatrice of the same habit with 
Pelargonium Mrs. Pollock outside. An edging of 
Flov/er of Spring Pelirgonium inside the blue 
Lobelia in No. 2 would add some life to the bed. 
Unless the plants are very tall an outside edging of 
white Lobelia or even Echeveria secunda glauca 
would improve No. i. If you would mark on the 
diameter of the beds upon the plan in future, it 
would greatly assist us in forming an opinion. 
Communications Received. — A. P. — W. B. S. _ 
A. W. G. W.— S. E.— M. C. — .V. F — T C —G F 
—G. W. J L.. V.X. . 
-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
James Carter & Co., 237, 238, High Holborn, 
W. C.—Chrysanthemums, Bedding Plants, &c. 
Lumby, Son & Wood, Halifax,—Wrought, 
Welded, and Riveted Boilers, Safes, &c. 
Leeds Orchid Co , Roundhay, Leeds.—Catalogue 
of Orchids. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
May Z2nd, 1894. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 
39, Seed Market, Mark Lane, E.C., report 
that as the sowing season is nearly over, quietude 
prevails in the Clover and Grass market, but should 
the severe frost of Monday morning last have 
destroyed any of the young Clover, some re-sowing 
will be necessary. Small stocks are held and as yet 
no speculation for the future has taken place. Rape 
unchanged. White Mustard with large supplies 
tends downwards. Bird seeds unchanged. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d s. d. 
Apples.per bushel 4 o lo o 
Tasmanian Apples, 
per case 8 o 12 6 
New Grapes, per lb. 2030 
s. d. s. d 
Pine apples. 
—St. Michael’s, each 26 60 
Strawberries, per lb. 
Morning gathered 2040 
■Vesetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
t. d. j. d 
ArtlchokesGlobe doz. 30 60 
Beans, French, perlb. 16 20 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Cabbages ... per doz. 1626 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 6 
Carrots, new, per bch. i 6 
Cauliflowers, Eng.dz. 30 60 
Celery.per bundle 16 20 
Cucumbers .each 04 08 
Endive, French, doz. 26 30 
Herbs .per bunch 02 06 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
1. d. s, d. 
Lettuces ...per dozen 20 30 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen i 6 
Seakale...psr basket 00 00 
Smallsalading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 3 0 
Tomatos. per lb. i 0 16 
Turnips.per bun. o 6 
Turnips,new,per bch, i 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
j. d, s. d. 
Arum Lilies, per doz. 6 o 12 0 
Aspidistra, per doz 18 o 42 o 
—specimenplants,each5 0 15 o 
Cineraria,per doz ... 5 0 90 
Cyperus .per doz. 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 18 0 36 0 
Dracaena viridis.doz. 9 0 18 0 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 o 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 0 18 0 
Ferns, small, per 100 4 0 10 0 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 0 60 0 
Genista...per doz. 60120 
Heaths.per doz. g 0 24 0 
Heliotrope...per doz. 60 80 
Cut Flowers.—Avera 
s. d. s. d. 
Arum Lilies, izblms. 16 30 
Azalea, dozen sprays 04 o q 
Bluebells, 12 ban. 10 16 
Bcuvardias, per bun. 06 10 
Carnations...per doz. 10 30 
Cowslips, 12 bun. ...10 20 
Eucharis ...per doz. 30 40 
Forget-rae-Not, 
doz. bchs. 10 30 
Gardenias 12 blooms 1030 
Heliotropes,12 sprays 04 06 
Iris .doz. bchs. 50 80 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 20 40 
Lilium candidum 
doz. hchs. 12 0 18 0 
Lilium candidum 
doz. blms. 06 09 
Lily of the Valley, 
doz. bchs. 40 go 
Lily of the Valley, doz. 
sprays.o 610 
LilacFrench.perbch. 2640 
MaidennairFern,i2bs.4 060 
Hyd'angea...per doz. 9 0 24 o 
Ivy Geraniums, diz. 4 o 80 
I Lobelia .per doz. 40 60 
Marguerites, perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Mignonette, per doz 40 80 
Musk .per doz. 3 060 
Nasturtiuns.perdoz. 16 60 
Palms in variety.each 2 6 10 0 
Palms, Specimen ... 15 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums,per dz. 9 o 18 0 
—scarlet.per doz...4 060 
Rhodanthea, p*r doz. 40 60 
Spiraea...per doz.... 6 o 12 0 
Stocks.per doz. 30 50 
IE Wholesale Prices. 
t. d. s. d. 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 20 40 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 40 60 
Narciss, various. 
doz. bchs. 30 60 
Orchid Bloom in var. 
per bloom, from 03 10 
Pelargoniums 12 sps. 06 0 g 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 40 60 
Poppies ...doz. bchs. 20 60 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 3060 
Primula, double, bun. 06 10 
Roses (French) 
doz. blooms 10 20 
Roses, yellow, dozen 20 40 
— Red.doz. blms. 16 30 
— Sa 2 'rano...per doz. 16 20 
— Tea.per dozen 06 20 
Spiraea, 12 bun. 40 60 
Stocks.doz. bchs. 20 30 
Tuberoses, per doz 04 06 
Violets, French 
per bch. 0 g 10 
Wallflowers,doz.bchs.i 626 
OOHSTTSITTS. 
PAGE 
Aspects in growing plants 616 
Azaleas in the opon air.617 
Beeches, the,Acton....610 
Chrysanthemum Judging..609 
Clematis montana .612 
Coryanthes, Wolfii.608 
Cvpripedium calceolus.611 
Dianthus caliizonus .617 
Flowers and the voice.60S 
Frosts, the late.613 
Gardeners’Calendar .617 
Globularia nudicaulis .615 
Horticulture, anew system 
ol .612 
Insects, Inju ious .616 
Ivies at Chiswick .612 
Lawns, our .607 
PAGE 
Lily, a hybrid .608 
Mignonette, tree.611 
Nematoid, a us-ful.610 
Nitrogen, the fixation of ...610 
Orchid 2rowers’Calendar,..6ii 
Parks, Gardens and open 
spaces.60S 
Pelargoniums, ivy-leaved...613 
Pentstemon caeruleus .615 
Plants, North America.6n 
Rose pests.619 
Strawberry, the .615 
Temple Show .614 
Town trees ..608 
Turnips, about.606 
Vegetable Garden, the.611 
Weather, the severe.608 
Vines and Vine Culture.—The best book on Grapes. By 
Archibald F. Barron, Superintendent of the Royal Horticultural 
Society's Gardens, Chiswick ; Secretary of the Fruit Com¬ 
mittee. Demy 8vo., Handsomely bound in Cloth. Price, 5s.; 
post free, 5s. 3d. Publisher, Gardening World, i, Clement’s 
Inn Strand, W.C. 
