696 
THE GARDENING WORLD- 
June 30, 1894. 
die away. The young plants could either be grown 
at the foot of the old ones or they could be raised in 
the reserve garden and transferred to the border in 
autumn or early in spring to give them a chance of 
getting established before the ground becomes dry 
and the warm weather sets in. The species is a 
native of South Europe, and was originally intro¬ 
duced in 1570. but has probably been several times 
re-introduced since then. 
THE DOUBLE WHITE ROCKET. 
Than a big patch of Hesperis matronalis nothing 
can be more beautiful. It is a grand old border 
plant, and deserves to be much more grown than it 
is. We have some patches that are 4 ft. to 5 ft. 
over, and as much in height in a long border of 
hardy plants. Grown in this way the plant pro¬ 
duces a grand effect, and can be seen from a long 
way off. For cutting it is most useful, and especially 
for decorating long trumpet-shaped glasses, as it 
can be cut with long stems and arranged with its 
own foliage. It is of the earliest culture, as is also 
the purple form.— Con. 
WIPEWORMS. 
These occasionally do a great amount of damage 
in beds of seedling trees, particularly Conifers, and 
in some instances they attack and destroy the seeds 
before germination. In the case of young Conifers 
they are gnawed completely through just above or 
at the ground level, the beds in many instances 
being strewn with the cut over plants. Abies 
nobilis and A. Nordmanniana suffer to a great 
extent, and I have frequently been at my wit’s end 
to put a stop to the repeated depredations ; but in 
the case of a newly-formed nursery or freshly made- 
up seed beds the attack of the wireworm is always 
most pronounced. In the case of fresh nursery 
ground paring off and burning a couple of inches 
of the top soil in the autumn has been attended 
with excellent results, as has also dressing the 
ground with gas lime. When seedlings are 
attacked hand picking, with the use of sliced 
Carrots, Mangold, or Potatos, varied with pieces of 
oilcake as a bait, are to be recommended. Dressing 
the seeds with red lead is very advantageous to pre¬ 
vent birds and mice from attacking freshly-sown 
quantities. Injury from wireworm is not likely to 
cause any serious consequences after the first year's 
growth of the plants, especially if the ground has 
been kept clean and free from weeds during the egg- 
laying season in June.— A. D. IF. 
SOWING GRASS SEEDS. 
In a recent lecture on grasses, delivered at the 
Bramford experimental field, Mr. Carruthers, 
F R.S., gave some hints as to the best mode of laying 
down pastures that are of a highly interesting and 
valuable character. He advised farmers to buy grass 
seeds separately and make their own mixtures. 
There was no greater fallacy than to act upon the 
principle of laying down so many pounds’ weight of 
seed per acre. In one pound of seed of some grasses 
there were ten times more seeds that would grow than 
there were in an equal weight of other grass seeds. 
This was a most important fact to be borne in mind. 
A million germinating seeds of Timothy grass, for 
instance, which was undoubtedly very valuable, 
would cost no more than 4jd., whereas a million 
germinating seeds of Seed Clover, which he thought 
to be comparatively useless for permanent pasture, 
would cost 5s. 3d. Carrying this comparison still 
further, and reckoning that ten million seeds would 
give a very fair crop, Mr. Carruthers showed that 
j^he relative cost of laying down an acre with different 
grasses would vary as follows:—Timothy grass, 4s.; 
Ryegrass, 9s. 2d. ; Cocksfoot,28s. ; Meadow Foxtail, 
36s.; Meadow Fescue, 45s. It was the same with the 
Clovers. Trefoil would cost is. sd. per million 
germinating seeds ; Alsike, is. 6d. ; White Clover, 
IS yd.; Red Clover, 3s. 5d.; and Cow Grass, 4s. 5d. 
Many other valuable particulars of this kind were given. 
One particular mixture referred to comprised (per acre) 
4lbs. of Timothy, 2 lbs. of smooth-stalked Meadow 
Grass, ilb. of White Clover, and i lb. of Alsike—or 
nearly 10^ millions of germinating seeds, costing 
53. 2d. So limited a selection was not recommended, 
however, the lecturer saying that he would add i lb. 
of Cocksfoot, I lb. of Foxtail, and 2 lbs. of Meadow 
Fescue, making the cost of the seed los. id. altogether. 
As to these three. Cocksfoot was very agreeable to 
stock, Foxtail ought to be in every pasture, because it 
comes early, and Meadow Fescue produces a large 
quantity of foliage. In such a mixture as this, they 
had the elements of as good a permanent pasture as 
existed any where, although it must of course be 
remembered that the soil must be good to have good 
pasture, and that pasture needed manuring as much 
as a cereal or a root crop. 
TWO CONFUSED SAXIFRAGAS. 
Saxifraga Andrews: is stated to have been found 
at the head of Glen Caragh, Kerry. It is also 
generally considered to be identical with S. 
Guthriana, a garden hybrid raised between S. 
umbrosa and S. Aizoon, or some species of that 
group. As the two hybrids may be seen in Dulwich 
Park, they are perfectly distinct, recognisable, and 
separable from one another whether in flower or not. 
The leaves are produced in dense rosettes of con¬ 
siderable size, and though somewhat similar, they 
have characters by which they may be distinguished. 
S. Andrewsi has linear-spathulate, sharply serrated 
leaves, narrowed to a point, and of a bright green. 
The flowers are panicled, white and spotted with 
red ; and the anthers are pale salmon. The leaves 
of S. Guthriana are spathulate, rounded at the apex, 
bluntly crenate and dull green. The flowers are 
smaller than those of S. Andrewsi, creamy-white 
without any spots, and the anthers are salmon-red. 
These differences show that the two plants are quite 
entitled to separate names, for they are by no means 
identical, nor could they be classed as varieties of one 
another, although a close affinity exists between 
them. S. Andrewsi is the more showy of the two, 
both in flowers and foliage, the former resembling 
those of S. umbrosa very much magnified. 
SOCIETIES. 
Royal Horticultural, June 26!*.—Most of the available 
space in the Drill Hall was again well occupied on 
Tuesday last. Roses, Carnations, and Pinks were 
abundant, and indeed the latter classes were 
more conspicuous than on the occasion of the last Pink 
show. Hardy herbaceous plants and flowering trees 
and shrubs, as well as stove and greenhouse subjects 
were also a feature. Orchids still claim a consider¬ 
able amount of attention. Messrs. F. Sander & Co., 
St. Albans, staged a group of Orchids, including a 
showy Pescatorea named P. Klabochorum excellens, 
also Angraecum Fournierianum, Grammatophyllum 
Fenzlianum with two spikes, Cattleyas, Laelias and 
Cypripediums. A larger group of Orchids was set 
up by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton; Cypri- 
pedium bellatulum was richly and variously spotted, 
and Cattleyas, Laelias, Masdevallias, Miltonias and 
Oncidiums were rich and varied. Amongst them was 
a fine dark variety of Cattleya Mossiae (Silver 
Banksian Medal). A cultural commendation was 
awarded to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, for 
some spikes of Miltonia vexillaria bearing huge 
flowers. Disa Veitchii and D. langleyensis were also 
splendidly flowered. Masdevallia Cassiope was 
shown by Captain T. C. Hincks, Terrace House, 
Richmond, Yorkshire. E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield 
Hall, Cheshire, staged Laelia elegans, E. Ashworth’s 
var. A small group of Orchids was set up by H. T. 
Pitt, Esq. (gardener Mr. R. Aldous), Rosslyn, 
Stamford Hill. Amongst others were fine pieces of 
Oncidium phymatochitum,Odontoglossum cordatum, 
and Cypripedium superbiens (Bronze Medal). 
Maxillaria Turner!, Aganisia sonoptera and Gram- 
matoplyllum Micholitzianum, were sent over by 
F. W.Moore,Esq.,Royal Botanic Gardens,Glasnevin. 
DendrobiumStatterianum was exhibited by the execu¬ 
tors of G. Hardy, Esq. (gardener, Mr. W. Holmes), 
Pickering Lodge, Timperley. Some Cattleyas and 
Laelia elegans Turner! were exhibited by J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq. (gardener, Mr. J. Davis), Glebelands, 
South Woodford. Zygopetalum (Promenea) stape- 
lioides with strange looking flowers and a variety of 
Cypripedium Godefroyae were shown by S. G. 
Lutwyche, Esq. (gardener, Mr. Paterson), Oak- 
field, Eden Park, Beckenham. Cypripedium 
Leysenianum was sent over by M. Jules Hye Lysen, 
8, Le Coupure, Ghent. Miltonia vexillarium. 
Duchess of York, was staged by Mr. A. Tracy, 
Twickenham. Some Orchids were also shown by 
Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate ; by W. C. 
Parkes, Esq., Tooting ; and by Arnolet Wm. Pitt, 
Esq., 5, Blomfield Road, Maida Vale. A cultural 
commendation was awarded to Thos. Statter, Esq. 
(gardener, Mr. R. Johnson), Stand Hall, Manches¬ 
ter, for a magnificent piece of Laelia grandis tene- 
brosa. Stand Hall var., bearing about thirty flowers. 
He also showed several other things. A group of 
Orchids were exhibited by Messrs, Charlesworth, 
Shuttleworth, & Co., Heaton, Bradford, including 
many fine pieces of Laelia grandis tenebrosa, 
Oncidium macranthum, Vanda caerulea and others, 
having a bold and effective appearance. (Silver 
Banksian Medal.) A group of Cypripediums 
and Odontoglossum citrosmum was staged by 
Messrs. Collins & Collins, Willesden Junction. A 
group of Epidendrum vitellinum majus was set up by 
Messrs. Wm. Cutbush & Son, Highgate. Cultural 
commendations were awarded to Sydney Courtauld, 
Esq. (gardener, Mr. Wright), Booking Place, Brain¬ 
tree, for fine pieces of Nanodes Medusae and 
Masdevallia rosea. He also had many other things 
of interest. A fine piece of Cattleya Warner! was 
shown by Messrs. Rothschild (gardener, Mr. Rey¬ 
nolds), Gunnersbury Park, Acton. 
A large group of Paeonies in many colours, 
English Irises equally diversified, Iceland Poppies, 
and other subjects, were exhibited by Messrs. Barr 
& Son, Covent Garden (Silver Banksian Medal). A 
large and tastefully arranged group of fine foliaged 
plants was set up by Mr. H. B. May, Dysons Lane 
Nur eries. Upper Edmonton. His Crotons, Palms, 
Ferns, Phrynium variegatum, and Dracaenas were 
handsomely coloured (Silver-Gilt Flora Medal). An 
effective display of Paeonies; with a showy back¬ 
ground of Delphiniums, was exhibited by Messrs. J. 
Veitch & Sons. True Blue, Lord Charles Beresford, 
Bethoven, and P. Laird were grand varieties of 
Delphinium with massive spikes. They had also 
three large flowering plants of Tritoma caulescens 
(Silver Flora Medal). Three large plants of 
Verbascum olympicum, about 9 ft. high, were shown 
by Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley (Silver Bank¬ 
sian Medal). A collection of Violas, grown in Hamp¬ 
shire, was exhibited by Messrs. Dobbie & Co., Rothe¬ 
say, N.B. They exhibited richer colouring than they 
do at some periods of the year (Bronze Flora Medal). 
A large group of Malmaison Carnations, chiefly the 
original and the pink varieties, and a new rose- 
coloured variety named Mrs. Herbert Cutbush, were 
exhibited by Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son (Silver 
Banksian Medal). A group of a new yellow Carna¬ 
tion named Yellow Queen, was exhibited by Mr. T. 
Bones, Heaton Garden, Cheshunt, Herts. It flowers 
equally well in pots or out of doors (Bronze Flora 
Medal). A large group of Carnations in many 
varieties was shown by Mr. C.Turner, Slough. They 
were backed with tall Palms and had dwarf ones in 
front of them (Silver Flora Medal). Some tuberous 
Begonias were shown by Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons. 
A collection of Sweet Briers was exhibited by Lord 
Penzance, Eashing Park, Godaiming. A showy 
collection of herbaceous plants, set up in bunches, 
was exhibited by Mr. M. Prichard, Christchurch, 
Hants (Silver Banksian Medal). Some new 
Dracaenas were shown by Mr. J. Duvrand, Child’s 
Hill, Kilburn. Collections of cut flowers of hybrid 
greenhouse Rhododendrons, Streptocarpus, Glox¬ 
inias, and a new yellow Carnation named Ladas, 
were shown by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Close by, 
on another table, they had flowering masses of 
Styrax japonica, Philadelphus microphyllus, Olearia 
macrodonta, and Magnolia Watsoni. A collection 
of Irises and some Hemerocallis were exhibited by 
Mr. Geo. Yeld, Clifton Cottage, York. A large 
collection of Paeonies and various herbaceous plants 
were shown by Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt 
(Silver Flora Medal). Interesting and showy collec¬ 
tions of Sweet Briers were shown by Messrs. Keynes, 
Williams & Co., Salisbury. The varieties Lord and 
Lady Penzance have a certain amount of yellow in 
them and are very sweetly scented. A group of a 
new single Rose named Reine Blanche, and some 
Pinks, were shown by Mr. B. Ladhams, Shirley 
Nurseries, Southampton (Silver Banksian Medal). 
Two specimen plants of scarlet Malmaison Carna¬ 
tions were exhibited by M. R. Smith, Esq. (gar¬ 
dener, Mr. C. Blick), The Warren, Hayes, Kent. 
Lilium Alexandrae and Kniphofia caulescens were 
exhibited by H. J. Elwes, Esq. (gardener, Mr. Lane), 
Colesborne, Cheltenham. A group of Iris Xiphion 
Thunderbolt was set up by J. T. Bennett Poe, Esq., 
