July 21, 1894. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
746 
Mr. Henslow also brought a living plant in flower 
of Centaurea spathulata, Zeraph, 1827 (C. crassi- 
folia, Bert, 1829), which is the only truly indigenous 
plant known to Malta. It has entire spathulate 
fleshy leaves, and heads of rose coloured florets. It 
is found in the valley known as " Wied Babu,” in 
Malta, and also in Gozo, growing in the cracks of 
the rocks. 
--*•- 
WHAT TO DO IN THE GARDEN. 
Poinsettias. —Cuttings for a late batch should no 
longer be delayed, but taken off and rooted at once. 
The best plan is to put them singly in thumb pots, 
as the roots do not get disturbed when shifting on 
the p'ants into larger sizes. No check is thereby 
given and growth will go on briskly. 
Winter Flowering Begonias. —All such things 
as B. insignis, B. semper-florens and its varieties, B. 
Knowsleyana, B. odorata and all others intended 
for autumn and winter blooming should now be in 
their flowering pots in order that the pots may get 
filled with roots before the dull and cloudy autumn 
weather sets in. They will then be in a better 
position to flower satisfactorily when unfavourable 
times to healthy growth have arrived. 
Jasminum gracillimum. —Give this the most 
favourable position with regard to light and space 
to develop as many strong shoots as possible. After 
they have ripened up, side beds will develop and 
give rise to trusses of flowers which will be found 
very useful during the winter months, especially 
about Christmas. The stronger the shoots now 
produced the more abundant the flowers will be. 
Allamandas. —Whether in pots, tubs or in brick- 
built boxes, great advantage will accrue to Allaman¬ 
das if they are are liberally supplied with weak 
manure water. The shoots now elongating and 
bearing flowers will continue to do so for a longer 
period of time and others will arise and continue 
the supply. 
Plumbago rosea. —This and its variety P. r. coc- 
cinea will give more satisfaction in the end if grown 
in a light, airy position near the glass. The flowers 
will be more durable in tbe cut state and better 
coloured. If a side bench cannot be afforded it, a 
shelf near the glass may be at disposal and will 
answer even better provided attention is paid to 
watering. 
Heliotropes. —A stock of young plants should be 
grown on in pots to take the place of those grown in 
the open air after the advent of frost. The flower 
trusses may be pinched out for a few weeks yet and 
larger plants will therefore be secured for the supply 
of cut flowers when really wanted. 
Salvias in pots. —Any kinds that may begetting 
tall should be secured to stakes to prevent their 
being blown over by the wind. Attend to them in 
the matter of watering, for they will require a con¬ 
siderable amount if the pots are now fairly well filled 
with roots. 
Intermediate Stocks.— A batch of these in the 
reserve garden would come in very useful for autumn 
flowering in the conservatory provided they are 
potted up now and brought on in cold frames. 
Celosfas and Gomphrena.— A late batch of 
Celosia pyramidalis for conservatory work in autumn 
and winter can be brought along in pits, thereby 
avoiding crowding in the houses now fully occu¬ 
pied with other things. Gomphrena globosa com- 
pacta can be grown under the same treatment, and 
if there is no desire to hurry on the plants a fair 
amount of ventilation may be given which will have 
the effect of dwarfing the plants and making them 
more sturdy. 
Peaches.—Early houses from which the fruit has 
been gathered should at all times be freely ventilated, 
and towards the end of the month the lights may be 
wholly removed. The borders should never be 
allowed to get dry whether the lights are off or on ; 
give a good soaking with the hose if necessary, using 
clean water only. Gross shoots should be stopped 
and tied in to repress their vigour. 
Melons. —The great change in the weather will 
make it necessary to employ less atmospheric 
moisture in the houses than when the air was hot 
and arid. So long as healthy growth continues, 
however, regular attention must be given to watering 
when necessary so long as there is no danger of the 
fruits splitting when approaching maturity. Make 
arrangements for securing a proper succession of ripe 
fruit. The moist weather will help to retard those 
now advancing. 
Vegetable seed sowing. —About the end of the 
month make sowings of Ellam’s Early, Wheeler's 
Imperial, Veitch’s Earliest of all and the other early 
Cabbages for spring use. Various Cos and Cabbage 
Lettuces as well as Curled Endives for autumn and 
early winter salading may also be sown. Should 
the weather by that time prove dry, some mats 
thrown over the beds will retain moisture and hasten 
germination. 
Vegetable Planting. —Breadths of Broccoli, 
Kales, Savoys and Coleworts may also be planted at 
the present time. The moist condition and warmth 
of the soil will give the plants a ready start, and 
whether the weather later on proves warm or not the 
success of the plantations will be assured. The 
various subjects meant to stand the winter should be 
planted on the surface where they will be amply 
exposed to light and air which will make them 
hardy. 
-- 
plants in spring or even in autumn, and again in 
spring when the plants are coming into bloom. 
Names of Plants,— H. F. R. : i, Scilla peru¬ 
viana, not Hyacinthus; 2, Chrysanthemum la- 
custre .—Omicron : i and 2 are old varieties of Rosa 
multiflora, better known as the Polyantha Rose in 
modern times ; we do not recognise them, but fear 
that the names have been forgotten .—T R. : i. 
Spiraea japonica alba; 2, Campanula persicifolia, 
alba plena; 3, Lvchnis chalcedonica ; Lilium 
dahuricum ; 5, Kalmia angustifolia. 
Fungus on Roses. —Omicron ; The fungus on the 
leaves you sent is popularly known as the Rose 
Brand or Phragmidium mucronatum. Its mycelium, 
or vegetative portion, grows inside the tissue of the 
leaves, and on that account no application of a 
fungicide would kill it without at the same time 
killing the leaves. Spraying with the Bordeau 
mixture would probably keep it in check, and should 
be applied early in the season. The surest method 
of dealing with it so far as is known at present, is 
to pick off the affected leaves as they appear, and 
burn them to prevent the spread of the fungus. 
You should commence as early in the season as 
the first traces of it appear on the leaves, and pick 
off those that become attacked, by this means you 
will hold it in check or exterminate it. 
Quesnons add AnsoicRs 
Attar of Roses. — J. C. S .: In the South of Europe 
this fragrant essence is made from a number of 
allied species, including Rosa damascena, R. gallica, 
R. centifolia and allied forms. In Persia, R. mos- 
chata is used for this purpose, and this species is 
supposed to give the peculiar quality and great value 
to the essence. There is a form of R. moschata in 
India, and is believed to be utilised there for the 
manufacture of Attar or Otto of Roses. As far as it 
is known R. moschata is the Rose of the Persian 
poets, and probably it is the parent of nearly all 
their garden Roses. Owing to their lack of enter¬ 
prise they seldom import Roses or other garden 
plants. 
Figs Rotting. — T. Hulks : The change that has 
taken place in the weather during the last two or 
three weeks has been very great and must be held 
responsible for the decaying and dropping of the 
Figs. You will have to give less atmospheric 
moisture and more ventilation. In a cold house less 
water will be needed than in a stove, and especially 
during rainy weather. The fruits sent were covered 
with mould, but we consider that merely a result of 
decay. We think the evil will disappear by careful 
management in the matter of ventilation, and less 
watering while the damp weather lasts. Of course, 
you cannot expect the fruits to ripen so quickly, but 
it will be of more advantage to get them a little 
later than if they drop and decay &fore being fully 
matured. 
British Wild Flowers. —Constant Reader : “ The 
Botanists’ Pocket Book ” would answer the descrip¬ 
tion of what you want. It contains a concise 
description of all the British plants, tabulated across 
every two pages, but contains no illustrations. It 
fits the pocket nicely, and is sold by Messrs. Bell 
& Sons, York Street, Covent Garden. Price 4s 6d. 
Provided you have any difficulty with the botanical 
terms of the above book you could get the newest 
edition of “ Flowers of the Field,” by the Rev. C. A. 
Johns, B.A., and published by the Society for Pro¬ 
moting Christian Knowledge, Northumberland 
Avenue, Charing Cross, W.C. Price 5s., unless the 
new edition be dearer. 
New York Egg Plant. — J.B.: As the Egg Plants 
can be grown and fruited in the open air in this 
country, we suspect that you are keeping them too 
close and damp, thereby preventing the pollen from 
getting distributed so as to fertilise the blooms. 
Seeing that they can be fruited in the open air, the 
temperature of the Cucumber house is sufficiently 
high, but is doubtless too close and damp, or else 
the plants are too much shaded. It would be to 
their advantage to put them in a house kept airy 
by ventilation. Do not neglect to give a plentiful 
supply of water at the roots, and when some fruits 
have been set, give supplies of weak liquid manure. 
Make sure that the pots are large enough to 
encourage a free growth, but at the same time avoid 
too much root room, which would encourage coarse 
growth. If the 6 in. p3ts are crowded with roots it 
would be advantageous to give a size larger, but do 
not break the roots in the process. 
Strawberry Plantation.— J.B. : Most varieties 
of Strawberries like a heavy, loamy soil rather than a 
light one. You have made it too light and rich, 
causing the plants to go to leaves. Your best plan 
would be to trench and manure a fresh piece of 
ground, and make a new plantation from the best 
runners as soon as you can. They would then make 
good growth, and give a supply of large fruits .next 
summer, provided the blossom is not destroyed by 
frost. Strawberries never last long in light soil, and 
under the circumstances a fresh plantation should 
be made every second year. Let the rows be 2 ft. 
apart, and the plants 18 in. from one to the other, 
planting them singly. The old plants are of no use 
whatever, except to trench into the soil. No digging 
between the row should be practiced, merely clear 
away the runners and weeds, and mulch round the 
Communications Received. —C. G.—W. A.— 
W.S.—J.F.—A. H.—W. W.—Stirling.—Experience. 
—W. P.—S.—Cameo.—J. W. R. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE, 
July s-jth, 1894. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 
39, Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a small demand 
for Mustard and Rape seed at unchanged rates. 
Nothing doing in Trifolium incarnatum, the recent 
rains have delayed harvesting Engiish crop of this 
article. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
July i?ith, 1894. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d s. d. 
Apples.per bushel 00 00 
Ch-rries, per hit. <ieve 26 50 
BIk Currants,hit s eve s 639 
Red „ I, 3 o 
Grapes, per lb. 10 20 
Melons .each 10 30 
s. d. s, d- 
Peaches & Nectarines, 
per doz. 2 0 80 
Pine apples. 
—.St. Michael's, each 26 60 
Strawberries, per lb. 0 6 10 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
t. d. s, d 
ArtlchokesGlobedoz. 30 60 
Beans, French, perlb. 16 20 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Cabbages ... per doz. 1626 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 6 
Carrots, new, per bch. i 6 
Cauliflowers, Eng.dz. 30 60 
Celery.per bundle 16 20 
Cucumbers .each 04 08 
Endive, French, doz. 26 30 
Herbs .per bunch 02 06 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
t. d, s. d. 
Lettuces ...per dozen 20 30 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen i 6 
Seakale...per basket 00 00 
Smallsaladmg,punnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 3 0 
Tomatos. per lb. o 6 10 
Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
Turnips,new,per boh. i 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
s , d, s . d. 
Aspidistra, per doz 18 0 42 o 
—specimenplants,each5 0 15 o 
Calceolaria, per doz. 306 0 
Crassula, per doz. ...12 0 30 0 
Cyperus .per doz. 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 18 0 36 0 
Dracaena viridis.doz. 9 0 18 0 
Evergreens.invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar..per doz. 4 0 18 0 
Ferns, small, per 100 4 o 10 0 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 0 60 0 
Heaths.per doz. 9 o 24 0 
Heliotrope...per doz. 30 60 
i. d. t d 
Hydrangea...per doz. 9 0 24 0 
Ivy Geraniums, doz. 40 60 
Lobelia .per doz. 30 40 
Marguerites, perdoz. 60120 
Mignonette, per doz 40 80 
Musk .per doz. 20 40 
Nasturtiuns.perdoz. 16 40 
Palms in variety,each 2 6 10 o 
Palms, Specimen ... 15 o 63 0 
Pelargoniums.per dz. 6 0 12 0 
—scarlet.per doz...3 0 60 
Rhodanthea, per doz. 40 60 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. t . d. 
Arum Lilies, izbims. 20 30 
Asters,French,perbch.o 810 
Bcuvardias, per bun. 06 10 
Carnations...per doz. 10 30 
Carnation, doz. bchs. 20 40 
Cornflower, doz.bchs. 10 20 
Euoharis ...per doz. 20 40 
Forget-me-Not, 
doz. bchs. 10 30 
Gardenias 12 blooms 10 30 
Gypsophilta.doz.bchs.z 030 
Heliotropes,12 sprays 03 06 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 20 40 
Lilium candidum 
doz. I chs. 12 0 18 o 
Lilium candidum 
uoz. blms. 04 06 
Lily of the Valley, doz. 
sprays.i 020 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs.4 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 2 o 
Mignonette... 12 bun. i 0 
Orchid Bloom in var. 
per bloom, from 0 3 
Pelargoniums 12 sps. 0 4 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 2 0 
Poppies ...doz. bchs. 0 9 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 2 o 
Primula, double, bun. 0 6 
Roses .doz. bchs. 2 o 
Roses, yellow, dozen 2 o 
— Red.doz. blms. 0 6 
— Salfrano...per doz. i 0 
— Tea.per dozen 0 6 
Spiraea, 12 bun. 4 o 
Stocks.doz. bchs 2 o 
Sweet Sultan doz bchs I 6 
Tuberoses, per doz 0 4 
s. d. 
6 o 
4 0 
4 0 
I 0 
0 6 
4 o 
I 6 
6 o 
I 0 
6 o 
4 0 
I o 
1 6 
2 O 
6 0 
3 0 
3 o 
o 6 
oonsTTisasrTs. 
page 
Androsace lanuginosa.743 
Cabbages, about .738 
Cabbage, spring .739 
Carnations at Chelsea .744 
Cake dust for propagating 739 
Country, a walk in the.730 
Devon and Exeter Gar- 
deners’Association.738 
Floriculture . 74 ° 
Gardening as a recreation 735 
Garde ers’ Calendar .7*5 
Gloxinias at Roupell Paik 743 
Insects and Tuunderstormsyte 
Laelia-Cattleya Timo a ... 73 t 
Laeha graiidis teuebrosa ...740 
Lilium Horsuianni. 743 
Market Gardening. 735 
PAGE 
Olympia, Gardening at.737 
Orchid Growers’ Calendar 739 
Orchid Growers’Manual ...742 
Orchid Notes .739 
Peas, a trial of .742 
Pinks in the Midlands .740 
Plants recently certificated 737 
Railway Station Gardening743 
Societies.744 
Stocks, double white .743 
Thunia Veitchii su,jeiba ...739 
Travellers, a trio of .741 
Violas ill Masses .743 
Violas, rariess.737 
Vanda Roebiingiana .739 
WolverhamptonPink Show740 
