August 4, 1894. 
772 THE GARDENING W0RL£). 
HARDY HERBAC^^OUS PLANTS IN 
FLOWER. 
SiDALCEA MALVAEFLORA.— Of the various forms of 
Sidalcea in gardens, that under notice is the most 
durable and ‘.he hardiest, for it may be found in 
many an old garden throughout the length and 
breadth of the country. It usually grows about 2 ft. 
high and produces a close raceme of rosy purple 
flowers. The foliage is ample and more densely set 
upon the stems than in any other cultivated species. 
Lindley gave it the above name, but some of the 
more modern botanists would reduce it to a form of 
S. oregana, a taller and more straggling plant. 
Propagation is easily effected by division. 
Lathyrus latifolius albus.— The plant is now 
widely known under this name, but certain authori¬ 
ties call it L. sylvestris platyphyllus albus. In any 
case it is one of the choicest hardy plants grown, 
and at this season of the year produces a wealth of 
pure white flowers in close racemes that are often 
used in the cut state with great advantage. The 
common name is White Everlasting Pea. Some 
stakes or trellis work are necessary for it to climb 
upon. The long woody nature of the root makes it 
difficult to transplant, but suckers are often pro¬ 
duced, and seedlings can easily be raised in any 
quantity. 
Verbascum phoeniceum. —The rich purple 
flowers of the typical form of this plant are very 
fine; but within recent years a number of different 
shades have been originated by seed raising. Some 
of these are equally pretty as the type in their way, 
and a collection could hardly fail to be of interest 
to anyone who would take the trouble of raising or 
collecting them. The stems vary from 2 ft. to 3 ft. 
in height, according to the nature of the soil and 
other concomitant conditions. The leaves are mostly 
confined to the base of the stem and do not occupy 
the same amount of space as several other popular 
kinds. 
Echinops Ritro. —The dwarf, compact habit of 
this species makes it suitable for borders of moderate 
dimensions, while the intense steel blue of the heads 
is more strikingly attractive than the pale ones of 
E. sphaerocephalus and other tall growing kinds. 
The stems vary from 2 ft. to 3 ft. high, and are 
furnished with dark green slightly spiny leaves. 
The species is a native of South Europe, but is 
perfectly hardy and in this country can be increased 
by division. 
Hemerocai.lis fulva flore pleno. —The double 
form of the orange Day Lily is a bold flower and 
seems more durable than the single one. The 
doubling is produced by the presence of one or two 
corollas within the normal one and the colour may 
be described as a fulvous or tawny orange. There 
is a variegated sub-variety of the double one, and 
which is much appreciated in some gardens for pot cul¬ 
ture. The Japanese name ofH. Kwanso is some¬ 
times applied to this plant in gardens. 
PoTENTiLLA RUPESTRis.— Although a British 
Plant and a very ornamental one this Cinquefoil is 
seldom seen in gardens. The plant forms a leafy 
bush about 18 in. high, well furnished with white 
flowers which continue to be developed during June 
and July or longer according to circumstances. The 
leaves are pinnate, green, and therefore different 
from the other British species. Altogether it is 
well worth cultivating in a collection of herbaceous 
plants. Division is the readiest means of propa¬ 
gating the species. 
Eryngium Oliverianum.— For stature and size 
of the flower-heads, this approaches nearer to E. 
alpinum than most of the cultivated species. It 
differs from the latter, however, by its. much more 
divided leaves, fewer and less divided bracts sur¬ 
rounding the heads. The latter, the bracts and the 
upper part of the stems, are of a beautiful steel blue 
and very ornamental. The plant grows 3 ft. to 4 ft. 
high, and makes an excellent border plant. The 
flower heads are cylindrical. 
Eryngium amethystinum.— The heads of this 
species are small, globular, and deep blue; they are 
surrounded by bright steel blue bracts, which are 
much longer than the heads themselves. The lower 
leaves are deeply pinnatisect, or cut to the midrib 
into numerous segments. The species is a native of 
Europe, but is more often talked of than seen in 
gardens, the previously named one being often 
substituted for it. Propagation may be effected by 
the careful division of large plants, but better by 
seeds. 
Campanula excisa. —All parts of this plant are 
very slender, including the stems, w’hich are only 
3 in. to 6 in. high, and the leaves, which are linear. 
The flowers are borne singly, but this is balanced 
by the great number of stems rising from a plant; 
they are deep blue, bell-shaped, about the size of 
those of C. pusilla, but longer, and notable for the 
round, open sinus between every two lobes of the 
corolla. 
Stachys Betonica alba. —This variety occurs, 
though rarely, in a wild state, but is so distinct that 
it ought to find a place in gardens, where a large 
purple form is already grown. Though not so large 
as Stachys grandiflora, the species, otherwise, has 
many features to recommend it, and a white Stachys 
would be a novelty in gardens. 
-- 
ALNARP. 
The “ Kew ” of Sweden. 
Just across the Sound, opposite Copenhagen, in one 
of the richest agricultural districts of Sweden, lies 
Alnarp, the largest of the agricultural Institutes of 
that interesting country. To gardeners it is of 
Mr. F. Ulriksen. 
interest partly, because of the renowned horticultural 
school of the place, and partly because of its great 
variety of hardy trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. 
It is the headquarters of Swedish fruit culture and 
pomology, where experiments are made yearly with 
new, desirable, foreign fruits. 
The horticultural school was commenced nearly 
twenty years ago and has been thorough and efficient 
in its work; many of the foremost gardeners of 
Sweden having been students there. To gain 
admission to the school it is necessary to have a good 
elementary education and a good practical knowledge 
of ordinary gardening. The course lasts two years 
and comprises a wide range of subjects; such as 
pomology, dendrology, greenhouse management, 
landscape gardening, propagation and indeed every¬ 
thing pertaining to the profession practically as well as 
botany, geology, chemistry and physics, ento¬ 
mology, drawing, surveying and levelling, trigonome. 
try and arithmetics; book-keeping, the Swedish 
language, &c. The students partake of the daily 
work, but have "feries” at Christmas and, during 
the three months immediately before tentamen and 
examen they are absolutely free to pursue theoretical 
studies. Thus a young gardener can obtain a very 
satisfactory general education at the institution be¬ 
sides the more particular study of Horticulture. 
The director of the horticultural department, Mr. F. 
Ulriksen is a thorough, learned and practical man, 
who has done much to increase the popularity of the 
place. He has introduced many of the finest trees 
and plants, worked and experimented in all branches 
to the very material benefit of Swedish gardening. 
He is also teacher of horticulture in the agricultural 
department. 
The park, comprising about forty acres is well laid 
out, has slightly undulating grounds, small ponds for 
water plants, an exceedingly beautiful rockery with 
a number of interesting alpines, native orchids and 
a great variety of the smaller coniferae. It contains a 
number of American and oriental Coniferae and fine 
specimens of very rare spruces and firs may be seen 
in the extensive Pinetum. Abies nobilis is well re¬ 
presented, is perfectly hardy and some specimens 
are now fruiting. A. concolor and A. pungens are 
also hardy and do well. Among other rare spruces 
of which fine and promising specimens can be seen 
some over 50 ft. in height, are Pseudotsuga Douglasii, 
AbiesNordmanniana, A. pinsapo, A. cephalonica and 
its varieties, Appollonis and Amalia-Reginae, A. 
orientalis, A. sitkaensis, a glaucous variety, and a 
very picturesque variety of the common spruce. A. 
excelsa Nathorstii with long semi-pendulous 
branches. 
Pines are almost as well represented, fine speci¬ 
mens of both American and Oriental origin can be 
seen on all sides. Of the lesser Coniferae, Thuyas, 
Thujopsis, Chamacyparis, and others are well 
represented. Cedrus Deodora did extremely well for 
a number of years, but was killed by an exception¬ 
ally severe winter, and a fine specimen of Sequoa 
gigantea shared the same fate. 
American Oaks, a most complete collection, have 
received a considerable space, and are doing well, 
presenting a very beautiful aspect during the 
autumn by their various coloured leaves. The 
Caryas have also been specially favoured, and have 
proved to be completely hardy. Of Rosaceae there 
is a very fine and complete collection, perhaps the 
finest in the world. It comprises all the known 
species Crataegus, Pyrus, Sorbus, Amelanchier, 
Cotoneaster, Prunus, etc., of course with a few 
necessary exceptions. There is an old botanic 
garden which is fast becoming interesting through 
its fine trees of all kinds. Native trees, Oaks, 
Lindens, Elms, Maples, Birches, etc., are represented 
by gigantic trees. 
One interesting feature of the park is the large 
plantation of white Mulberry trees, the foundation 
of the experiments in silk culture now being tried 
there. 
The garden, orchard and nursery together contains 
about thirty acres. Here are very complete assort¬ 
ments of Apples, Pears, Cherries, Plums, and other 
hardy fruits, as also of ornamental trees and shrubs. 
The nursery is not large but complete, and thousands 
of trees are distributed yearly to the public schools 
of the province free of cost. 
The amount of glass is not large. There is one 
fine Grapery, one Peach-house, orchard-house, 
greenhouse and stove, besides a large number of pits 
and frames for forcing, etc., sufficient to give the 
students good practical experience in most of the 
ordinary work under glass. 
Experiments with American Ericaceae have lately 
been tried and have so far proved successful. Not 
only the more robust Vacciniums do well, but even 
the more tender Azaleas and Rhododendrons seem 
to stand the winters well. 
The soil used is common black peat, and the 
position is a partly shaded one, affording some 
natural protection during winter. Roses do 
extremely w’ell, and perhaps nowhere in the world 
do the flowers develop better than in this northern 
country. Flowers of immense size and perfect form 
in rich profusion adorn the great collection in the 
“ Rosarium.”— N. Jonsson-Rose. 
-•§—,- 
PROPAGATION OF BEDDING PLANTS. 
A seasonable hint upon this is often beneficial. 
Just at present our plants are in their chief beauty, 
and will remain so for some considerable time. As 
the season advances so does the succulency of their 
growth. We seldom like to cut away growth of 
zonal pelargoniums, petunias, verbenas, &c., while 
in full growth; but if we delay we not only run 
considerable risk of complete failure from the ripen¬ 
ing effects of an early autumn frost, but the wood 
goes beyond the most favourable stage for propaga¬ 
tion. There is yet another gain. We can remove a 
few at a time and avoid the destruction of our beds. 
Many subjects will root freely out of doors now, but 
if delayed will need the help of glass at a time when 
the best positions are urgently wanted for other 
