August 11, 1894. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
783 
ORCHIDS. 
Clean Healthy Plants at Low Prices. 
Always worth a visit of inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue. 
«JiLiVI£:S CYPHSR, 
Exotic Nurseries, CHELTENHAM. 
The Late MR. DODWELL’S 
GRAND CARNATIONS. 
THE FINEST GROWN. 
All Classes, 10/6 per dozen. 
List ot Specialties can be obtained of— 
Mr. A. MEDHURST, 
Thk Cottage, Stanley Road, Oxford. 
GRAND NEW ZONALS, 1894. 
Selected from Pearson’s, Cannell’s, Milier’s, and my 
own sets. 
Cuttings .. .. .. .. 6s. per doz. 
New Zonals, 1893, Cuttings.. .. 3s. ,, 
Very fine previous introduction .. ss. „ 
Free, Cash with Order. 
H. J. OrONES, 
Ryecroft Nursery, Hither Green, Lewisham. 
A 
SPECIALITY. 
12 beautiful Stove Ferns, 3s., larger, 4s., 6s ; 25 for 8s. 6d. or 
I2S. 6d. : 50 for zis. or 25s. ; too for 635. or 75s.; all diflerent. 
Beautiful Ferns for Warm Greenhouse at same prices. 
Beautiful Ferns for Cool Greenhouse at same prices. 
Beautiful Ferns for Cold Greenhouse at same prices. 
Beautiful Hardy Ferns at same prices. 
For gd. per dozen extra above sent carriage free. 
Our collection is unrivalled. Our stock is immense. 
Catalogue of 1,400 varieties free on application. 
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, F.R.H.S., 
Fern Norseries, Sale, near Manchester. 
DUTCH & GAPE BULBS 
And PLANTS 
Direct from the Growers at Growers’ Prices. 
ROOZEN BROTHERS. 
OVERVEEN, HAARLEM. HOLLAND. 
Delivered entirely free in Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, 
Cork, Dublin, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Goole, 
Grangemouth, Grimsby, Harwich, Hull, Leith, Liver¬ 
pool, London, Middlesboro’, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Ply¬ 
mouth, Portsmouth, Southampton, or any port in direct 
communication with Rotterdam or Amsterdam. 
Orders above £2 los. sent free to. destination, to anyplace 
in England, Scotland, or Ireland, Club (joint) orders for 
the same amount also delivered free to destination. No 
chartjefor packing or packages. 
Full particulars of our enormous Collection of BULBS, 
with List of SPLENDID NOVELTIES, will be found in our 
NEW LIST for 1894, 86, pages, in English, which will be sent 
to all applicants, post free. 
ROOZEN BROTHERS, 
OVERVEEN, Haarlem, HOLLAND. 
Please name this Paper. 
Having purchased the entire stocks of 
MR. C. KAY’S 
NEW PANSIES FOR 1895, 
I am now prepared to offer cuttings at the following 
low rates : 
6 pairs, including MISS STIRLING & B.DOULTON.for los. 
,1 ,, ,1 ,1 ,, ,, ,, i8s. 
1» n t, t, I> H ;i 27s. 
24 " »' ,, M ,I n 34s. 
Miss Stirling and B. Doulton are without a doubt the finest 
Fancy Pansies yet offered. The blooms are over 3§ inches 
across, and perfect in every way for competition^ Five 
special prizes have been awarded to these varieties for the 
best Fancy Pansy and best new Fancy Pansy in the show, 
including Glasgow and Edinburgh. The Silver Medal, 
Glasgow, ’93; Jubilee Medal, Edinburgh, ’94; First Prize, 
Edinburgh, ’93 ; Silver Medal, Glasgow, ’94 ; all given for best 
new Pansies, have been won by the above lot. These were 
also the leading varieties shown in my Gold Medal Collec¬ 
tions at London and Wolverhampton. Wherever exhibited 
they have carried the highest honours. 
12 prs. of 1894 var.and Miss Sterling and B.Doulton for 
6 prs. of 1894 var., 6 pairs 1893, and i cutting of each 
of the above two var., for. 
12 prs. Fancies and Jessie Travis (Kay’s new var.) 
12 prs. Fancies, including 3 prs. 1894 var. 
sHoinr pjLM^siss. 
12 prs. 1894 var. and 7 prs. 1895 var. . 
6 prs. 1894, 6 prs. 1893, and 2 prs. 1895 var. 
12 prs., including 4 prs. 1894 var. 
Yior^As. 
6 prs. 1895 var. and 7 prs. 1894 var. . 
13 prs. 1894 var., the best . 
13 prs. including 3 prs. 1894 var. 
13 prs. Rayless, including 6 new var. 
My Collection was awarded the Gold Medal at the London 
Show; Gold Medal at the International Show, Wolver¬ 
hampton ; Silver Medal, Glasgow. The only times I have 
exhibited this season. 
New Autumn List Now Ready, free on application. 
7s. fid. 
5S. od. 
3s. fid. 
3S. od. 
... 6s. od. 
... 5S. fid. 
... 3S. fid. 
... 6s. od. 
... 4s. od. 
... 2S. fid. 
... 5s. od. 
S. I>YE, 
CATTERALL, CARSTANC, LANC. 
WILLIAMS’ 
EARLY FORCING BULBS, 
Well ripened and heavy Bulbs of 
ROMAN HYACINTHS, Early White, from 5 
inches to 5^ inches in circumference. 
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, from 5 inches 
to 6 inches in circumference. 
DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS, from 5 inches 
to 6^ inches in circumference. 
LILIUM HARRISII (The Bermuda Easter 
Lily). 
The Illustrated BULB CATALOGUE has been forwarded to 
ail our Customers. Another Copy will be forwarded on appli¬ 
cation to any who may not yet have received a Copy. 
B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, 
VICTORIA & PARADISE NURSERIES, 
UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. 
For Index to Contents see page 793. 
“ Gardening is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man."— Bacon. 
NEXT WEEK'S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Tuesday, August 14th.—Royal Horticultural Society; Meeting 
of Committees at r2 o’clock. 
Blagdon Flower Show. 
Wednesday, August 15th.—Cardiff Flower Show (2 days). 
Bishop Stortford Flower Show. 
Cuckfield Flower Show. 
Sevenoaks Flower Show. 
Thursday, August ifith.—Maidenhead Flower Show. 
Sherborne Flower Show. 
Friday, August 17th.—Exeter Flower Show. 
Knaresborough Flower Show. 
Great National Co-operative Flower Show at the Crystal 
Palace (2 days). 
Orchid Sale at Protheroe & Morris’ Rooms. 
Edited by BRIAN WYNNE, F.R.H.S. 
SATURDAY, AUGUST nth, 1894. 
^OSES BY THE Sea.— There are many who 
have serious doubts whether Roses can 
be grown by the seaside, but, provided 
that ever so slight a break of the wind as 
it comes from the sea can be provided, 
there is no valid reason why Roses should 
not thrive, more especially if suitable sorts 
are chosen, Many instances of this have 
come under our notice during the present 
summer, but it is imperatively necessary 
that good growers should be selected. 
Given this desideratum and a modicum of 
shelter, and it does not seem to matter what 
class or division of Roses is selected from. 
In most cases the soil, on the South Coast 
at least, is of no great depth, and soon be¬ 
comes parched up in dry weather, but it is 
not difficult to remedy this, and we should 
have to do so in any other case before se¬ 
curing the best results. 
Now as to the best method of attaining 
this end. If the soil is light on the surface, 
then we shall do well to mix it with some 
stiff loam, or even clay with some old vege¬ 
table refuse added will be excellent. To-this 
we can add some manure of a close nature, 
studiously avoiding such drying fertilisers 
as soot. Let the whole be moved as deeply 
as possiblewithout turning up thechalk, and 
there is no reason why Roses should not 
grow equally as well as many other subjects. 
In Brighton, Eastbourne, Hastings, Wor¬ 
thing, and other South Coast towns 
there are many good gardens in which 
Roses thrive almost as well as in the coun¬ 
try, and far better than in many Midland 
towns, because of the purer atuiosphere. 
Experience teaches us that three things are 
necessary, namely, (i) a slight break against 
wind blowing direct from the sea, (2) a 
little judicious improvement of shallow 
soils, and (3) to be careful to select free, if 
not vigorous, growers. 
Of sorts growing in a Brighton garden 
not more than one hundred yards from the 
sea front we recently noted General Jac- 
quiminot, Abel Carriere, Ella Gordon, Duke 
of Edinburgh, and Dupuy Jamain, dark 
reds, and La France, Boule de Neige, 
Baroness Rothschild, Mrs. John Laing, 
Jules Margottin, and President Willermoz, 
pinks or whites, and all hybrid perpetuals. 
Of Teas or Noisettes there were Gloire d’ 
Dijon, Madame Berard, and Bouquet d’Or, 
buffs, Safrano, Francisque Kruger, Sun¬ 
set, Dr. Grill, and William Allan Richard¬ 
son (the last in splendid form), all apricot 
and orange yellows. Deep and clear yellows 
were found in Perle des Jardins, Madame 
Carnot, and Isabella Sprunt, while whites 
were represented by Aimee Vibert and 
that pretty little Fairy Rose, The Pet. 
Bardon Job, York and Lancaster, Rosa 
rugosa, and several of the so-called garden 
Roses were also doing well. This parti¬ 
cular garden is more sheltered than usual, 
but the plants would have done equally 
well so long as the first brunt of the wind 
is checked. It is the first impact which in¬ 
jures our plants of almost all kinds not 
possessed of the stiff shrub-like nature 
which is found in the Euonymus, one of 
the very best of our seaside shrubs. 
« QUASSIA AND Quassia Water. — The value 
of a mixture of quassia water and soft 
soap as an insecticide, has long been known 
to nurserymen and gardeners,and especially 
to fruit and hop growers, who use the 
quassia extract in enormous quantities at 
this season of the year, but whether we 
have hitherto adopted the most economical 
plan for obtaining the quassia extract is a 
debateable subject. Mr. H. J. Monson, 
the Technical Agricultural Lecturer to the 
Kent County Council, thinks not, and has 
rendered a good service to growers by 
communicating his experience on the sub¬ 
ject to a recent number of the Kentish 
Express. He has been examining the 
quassia wood as it is imported from Jamaica, 
and describes the blocks as being of 
various sizes, sometimes a foot in diameter 
and several feet in length, and covered with 
a smooth, brittle bark. The wood is white, 
but on exposure to the air it becomes 
yellowish, and the blocks are reduced to 
chips by machinery. The wood has been 
frequently analysed, though a complete 
analysis has not been published, to Mr. 
Monson’s knowledge. 
“ It appears,” writes Mr. Monson, “ that 
the principal constituents of it are—volatile 
oil, a bitter principle, quassite, a gummy 
extractive, pectin woody fibre, and various 
salts, such as oxalate, tartrate, and 
sulphate of lime, chlorides of calcium and 
sodium, an ammoniacal salt, and nitrate of 
potash. Quassite, the bitter principle of 
quassia, occurs in small, white, prismatic 
crystals, odourless, intensely bitter, and 
varies from 2-4 per cent., 48 ozs. of wood 
yielding i oz. of extract. It has long been 
known that an aqueous infusion of this 
substance is an excellent fly poison, and 
that when a grain of the alcoholic extract 
of quassia had been introduced into a 
wound in the thigh of a rabbit it died on 
the third day. No insect will live near a 
cabinet work made of quassia wood. 
These experiments seem to show that the 
