784 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
August 11, 1894. 
bitter principle of quassia possesses 
poisonous properties, so, for it to be 
effectual in destroying fly and lice on the 
hops, and preventing their re-appearance, 
is a matter of having the wash of sufficient 
strength. In calculating the proportion of 
extract in a stated quantity of water we 
must bear in mind that the plant must be 
taken into consideration. Mr. S. Harvey, 
public analyst, Watling Street, Canter- 
bur3q has just completed an analysis of 
fresh quassia, and of quassia that has been 
boiled in the usual way by a hop grower. 
The analyses are :—(a) Fresh quassia— 
bitter extract 3*90 per cent, (b) Boiled 
quassia—bitter extract i-2o per cent. The 
residuary extract (b) is weight for weight 
about one-fourth the strength in bitter 
principle of that portion extracted at first. 
A complete extraction is difficult, but 80 
per cent, of the total extract should be 
aimed at and obtained. Probably this 
would be the case, if more water and less 
chips were used than is generally done.” 
The important point to those who use 
the decoction is how best to get the extract 
from the chips, and on this subject Mr. 
Monson’s remarks are deserving of the 
most careful consideration. “ Generally,” 
he says, “ it is the case that hop growers 
put the quassia chips into a bag, tying 
up the mouth, and then place this into 
a tank of water, which is made to boil 
for some hours.” This method of extract¬ 
ing the bitter principle, however, he con¬ 
siders very bad, and the reasons for doing 
the extracting in this way weak, because 
the labour saved will not nearly recom¬ 
pense for the loss of time and mone}^ 
incurred, and goes on to take, by way of 
illustration, a homely case, with regard to 
the right method of extracting one sub¬ 
stance from another with water. “The 
cook,” he says, “would not put into the 
stew-pot a large piece of beef for the pur¬ 
pose of making beef tea or soup, because 
she knoivs very well that only the outsides 
of the beef, which are in contact with the 
water, would give up its nourishing 
matter; but she cuts up the beef verj'fine, 
allows the water to simmer, not boil, and 
keeps stirring every now and then, so by 
this way extracting all that can be got 
from the particles of beef. It is then very 
apparent that if we are to extract 80 per 
cent, of the bitter principle, we must put 
the chips into the water looseU^ and not in 
a bag, and continually stir. Before pur¬ 
chasing, notice that the quassia wood is 
chipped very fine, as in the case of 
manures. The only reason for boiling the 
water is, because the soap dissolves more 
readily, not because more bitter is ex¬ 
tracted. Put a quassia chip into the 
mouth, and j’ou will soon taste that at a 
temperature of go'’ Fahrenheit, a bitter 
can be extracted. 
■ t - 
Royal Horticultural Society.—The next meeting of 
the society will be held in the Drill Hall, James 
Street, Victoria Street, Westminster, on Tuesday, 
August 14th. The Committees will assemble as 
usual at twelve o'clock and at 3 p.m. Mons. Chas. 
Baltet, of Troyes, will deliver a lecture on “ Fruit 
Culture in France.” 
Raspberries and the Birds.—A gardener in the 
Hexham district stated the other day that this was 
the first season that he had not netted his raspberry 
bushes, and that he had gathered a larger quantity of 
fruit than usual. On being asked how he accounted 
for such a result, he replied, ” I believe the little 
birds attack the bushes, not for the fruit, but the in¬ 
sects, and that the nets being off they were the better 
able to get at them, and so the fruit was saved.” 
A Prolific Cauliflower.— The Newcastle Journal 
states that Mr. Thomas Bibby, North Terrace, 
Hexham, has a Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflower 
which was sown in March last year, and which has 
stood outside all the winter. It has had no less 
than twelve flowers on this spring, four of which 
have been cut measuring about 4 in. across, leaving 
eight all good flowers all from the one stem. It made 
no attempt to flower at all last year. 
Viola Conference at Birmingham—We understand 
that the Viola conference held at Birmingham on 
Friday afternoon of last week was very successful, 
the attendance being good, and the business done ot 
a very satisfactory character. Mr. J. Cuthbertson, 
of Rothesay, presided, and the leading paper read 
was one by Mr. George Steel, of Heatherslaw, 
Cornhill-on-Tweed. who suggested a standard of 
points for the Violetta, or miniature Violas, which 
the meeting resolved to adopt. It was also resolved 
that there should only be two sections, and that the 
Sylvia type must be included with the large flowered 
section. 
St. Neots Flower Show.—The annual summer 
exhibition of the St. Neots Society was held on 
Monday last, in the Priory Park, kindly lent for the 
occasion by G. Tydall Rowley, Esq., and in all 
departments proved to be a well-marked advance on 
previous efforts. The most successful exhibitors in 
the gardeners section were Mr. Empson, gardener 
to Mrs. Wingfield, Ampthill House, Beds., Mr. 
Myers, gardener to the Earl of Sandwich, and Mr. 
Redman, gardener to J. H. Goodgames, Esq. Herb¬ 
aceous subjects were finely shown by the Rev. W. 
Crouch, Gamlingay, and the vegetables and farm 
roots exhibited by the cottagers and others 
commanded high praise. Unfortunately the weather 
in the earlier part of the day was very unpropitious, 
but cleared up in the afternoon. At the luncheon 
which was presided over by Mr. A. H. Smith Barry, 
M.P., a well deserved compliment was paid to the 
secretary, Mr. W. Ratchelous, manager of Messrs. 
Wood & Ingram’s local nursery, who has for some 
years carried on the work of the Society in a very 
energetic manner. 
Bishop of Truro on the Cultivation of Flowers.— 
Speaking at a cottage gardening flower show at 
Tywardreath, in Cornwall, the Bishop of Truro 
remarked that he was glad to see the great improve¬ 
ment which had taken place in the cultivation of 
flowers during recent years. When he was a boy, 
in Leeds, only the rich could afford them, and the 
poor never thought of anything else beyond growing 
them for the rich. At the present day the market 
in Leeds was like a garden of the choicest flowers, 
which were within the reach of poor and rich alike. 
Recently, in Coventry, he inquired the reason why 
there were so many greenhouses, and was told that 
they were used to grow ” buttonholes for Birming¬ 
ham.” In London they also found houses adorned 
outside with flowers, not for the pleasure of their 
wealthy owners, but for that of the people who 
passed along the streets. That showed the kindli¬ 
ness which the cultivation of flowers imparted into 
human nature, and that it brought the rich and poor 
together in one common sympathy. The cultivation 
of flowers in the parks of London was also a beauti¬ 
ful feature of the Metropolis. There had been a 
wonderful improvement in cottage gardening in 
recent years, thanks to the various societies, and he 
should always be glad to give them all the support 
he could. 
Death of Mr. William Hugh Gower.—We greatly 
regret to record the death of a very able horticul¬ 
turist and much esteemed contributor to horticul¬ 
tural literature in the person of Mr. William Hugh 
Gower, who passed away at Tooting on the 30th ult., 
after a long illness, in his sixtieth year. His father, 
who died at an advanced age but a few months ago, 
was for a great many years employed by the old 
nursery firm of Messrs Jackson & Son, of Kingston, 
where the lately deceased gained his first experiences 
in the nursery business. He subsequently went to 
Kew, where he had charge of the collections of plants 
for a time, and where his critical faculty for dis¬ 
tinguishing and describing the things that came 
under his care was developed to a very great extent. 
He loved plants truly for their own sakes, and in his 
young days dried specimens of a great number of 
subjects, especially of Ferns and Orchids, which 
were of the utmost value to him in after life. Leaving 
Kew, he went for several years to the old firm of 
Rollisson & Sons, of Tooting, and subsequently he 
became nursery manager to the late Mr. B. S. 
Williams, of Holloway, whom he assisted in the pro¬ 
duction of several of his most useful publications. 
Sometime after leaving Holloway he met with a trap 
accident of a serious character which prevented him 
from subsequently following any active employment, 
and took to literature as a means of obtaining a 
livelihood. In 1878 in conjunction with Mr. James 
Britten of the botanical department of the British 
Museum, he published Orchids for Amateurs, a useful 
little manual long since out of print, which, how¬ 
ever, formed the basis of another work which has 
since been issued without the slightest acknowledge¬ 
ment of the labours of the original authors. Mr. 
Gower had long been a contributor to the columns 
of our contemporary The Garden, and since the death 
of IMr. B. S. Williams had been one of the joint 
editors of The Orchid Album. He also rendered Mr. 
Henry Williams valuable assistance in the production 
of the new edition of The Orchid Growers' Manual, for 
which he was specially qualified by reason of his 
extensive critical knowledge of the family. Orchids 
and Tropical Ferns were his specialty, and of both 
these great families of plants he may be said to have 
possessed an almost unrivalled practical knowledge, 
and was a good all-round garden botanist besides. 
Trade Fixtures: Important to Nurserymen.—A nur¬ 
seryman carried on business on land held on lease, 
and a firm of engine manufacturers agreed to supply 
him with a boiler and hot water pipes for his hot¬ 
houses on the hire and purchase system, payable by 
quarterly instalments. Until complete payment was 
made, the apparatus was to remain the property of 
the engine manufacturers, and in default of payment 
they were to be at liberty to enter and remove it. 
The landlord joined in the agreement in order to 
give the engine manufacturer the power to enter and 
remove the apparatus in default of payment, and he 
agreed not to distrain for rent on the apparatus to 
the detriment of the engine manufacturer. Sub¬ 
sequently the nurseryman mortgaged his land but 
gave no notice of the agreement. Afterwards, the 
engineers, having no notice of the mortgage, put up 
the boiler and pipes in brickwork. The nurseryman 
made default in payment of the instalments, and 
thereupon the engineers entered and removed 
the apparatus while the nurseryman was in posses¬ 
sion. Tha mortgagee objected to this removal of 
fixtures, claiming that the apparatus had been fixed 
to the mortgaged property without his consent 
and had become part of the soil, and were 
irremovable against him, and brought an action 
for damages against the engineer. The case Glough 
V. Wood was heard in the Court of Appeal on Feb¬ 
ruary 27th, and the Court held that the mortgagee, 
by leaving the mortgagor in possession, authorized 
him to carry on his business as nurseryman, which 
would properly include the hiring and bringing on to 
the premises of fixtures necessary to his business 
upon the terms that the owner should be at liberty 
to remove them upon the determination of the hiring 
agreement. Having regard to his implied authority, 
to the fact that the fixtures were not the property of 
the mortgagor, and to the fact that the mortgagor 
was in possession at the date of their removal, the 
plaintiff, the mortgagee, was not entitled to damages.— 
British Trade Journal. 
-•<-- 
A WALK IN THE 
COUNTRY (3). 
We had so much enjoyed our visit to Ashdown 
Forest, as described in my last (p. 752), that my 
friend and I determined to take another walk last 
week, and this time decided on a visit to some large 
ponds about four miles off. We took the train to 
Grange Road, a station on the line between East 
Grinstead and Three Bridges, and then turning our 
steps northwards soon found ourselves in a very 
large wood, named the Cut-and-lie Wood, a name I 
have no clue as to the meaning of. Here we again 
found the Asphodel blooming luxuriantly, and made 
up a nosegay of it to take home, the flowers being 
exceedingly fragrant; but we did not this time light 
on the Sundew or the Curry Powder St John’s Wort. 
Passing out of this wood we traversed another 
large wood, named the Furnace Wood, and in the 
valley below us was what was once known as the 
Furnace Mill pond, but the mill has long since 
passed away, and the pond has for years past been a 
marsh, a stream running through the middle of it 
which lower down becomes the river Eden, flowing 
through Edenbridge and Tonbridge, and subse¬ 
quently running into the Thames mouth as the 
Medway. In this part of Sussex the chief of the 
ironworks in the kingdom were situate in olden 
times, the wood for charcoal being very plentiful in 
