August 11, 1894. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
793 
borders, only one of the borders should be done at 
present. Before disturbing the roots have a good 
supply of all that is necessary, including a compost 
of good turfy loam, old mortar, bones, charcoal, and 
brick pots for drainage. The old material should 
then be taken out as quickly as possible, and the 
border put right. Cover the drainage with reversed 
turves, and after filling in part of the soil spread out 
the roots about g in. below ihe surface, and after 
covering them up tread down firmly and mulch the 
surface. Keep the house closer for a few days until 
the roots commence to work again. 
Orchard House. —Continue to pinch ont the 
tips of rampant growing shoots, while the weaker 
ones are left alone. The trees should not be over¬ 
watered at the roots during the ripening of the 
fruits, otherwise the latter will not acquire that 
that flavour of which they are capable. Tne trees 
can be well washed with the garden engine after the 
fruit is all gathered, and the necessary potting may 
be done about the end of the month, and while the 
trees are still in full leaf. 
Pot Strawberries. —The plants that were 
layered in pots for forcing purposes should now be 
ready for placing in their fruiting pots. All the 
larger growing kinds at least will require 32 size 
pots. Whatever varieties are used the bulk of them 
should be well tried and reliable kinds. 
Orange Trees. —Trees now bearing a good crop 
of green and swelling fruits should have the surface 
of the roots top-dressed with some rich material 
which will encourage them to develop to a fine size 
and ripen in the autumn. A high temperature is 
necessary for ripening the fruits properly, and for 
bringing them to their proper flavour. 
-- 
QUGJCIOnS ADD ADSOJeRS 
Florists' Flowers. —Fancy Pa>tsies: Besides 
size and shape in fancy Pansies you must look for 
bold, distinct, and striking colours in the different 
varieties. The blotches in the centre should be 
large and well defined, that is, without rays running 
beyond the blotches. The margins should be of a 
different colour and as well defined as possible. A 
small eye, without streaks upon it, is a good point. 
Show Pansies when of self colours should be 
entirely of one colour with exception of the eye. 
They should be perfectly circular, smooth, of good 
substance and the darker or richer in colour the 
better. The other show kinds should have 
all these qualities, but the colours vary. 
The eye should be small and without streaks; 
then come three blotches round it and they should 
have no rays extending beyond them. Around the 
blotches the ground colour may be white or yellow, 
and a band of even outline and of another colour 
should encompass the whole flower. Dahlias should 
be large, but compact, with closely arranged, and 
not very large pips. There should be as many 
distinct colours in a stand as possible and in the true 
show Dahlias, all those that are striped and mottled, 
and those with white tips should be relegated to the 
fancy class. Prizes are sometimes offered for 
collections of Dahlias when, of course, fancies are 
admissible. All should be full and high in the 
centre. 
PoTATOS FOR EXHIBITION. —Funcv Pansies : Size 
is a point that must not be overlooked, provided all 
other conditions are equal. They should also be 
even in outline and smooth, with shallow eyes. The 
surface, although termed smooth may be finely 
ruffled or cracked but not blotched nor scabbed. 
The washing and dressing of them is a great point 
for the exhibition table, as it adds so much to their 
appearance, especially in the case of clean-skinned 
varieties. Kidneys and pebble-shaped Potatos 
should be shapely andsomewhat flattened, especially 
the latter. 
Muscats and other Grapes. — J. W.: The long 
vinery you mention would answer better, for several 
reasons, if divided into different compartments. 
The arrangement of the vines according to your 
figures appears to have been planted with a view to 
give the Muscats the highest temperature, that is, 
if the boiler is at that end of the house ; but of 
course that is only supposition on our part. All the 
kinds you mention can sometimes be brought to 
very tolerable perfection in the same house, but you 
would find it advantageous to have the house divided 
into two or three compartments. For instance, 
without disturbing the vines, you could cut off the 
Muscats by themselves so that you could give them 
a higher temperature if your boiler arrangements 
will permit of it. Then Black Alicant and Madres- 
field Court could occupy another, while the 
Hamburghs and Gros Colman would enjoy a third 
compartment. For very early and late work we 
should have arranged the vines differently. For 
instance. Black Hamburgh would have answered for 
the earliest crop, but it also answers for late work, 
but does not require so long to mature and finish as 
Gros Colman. 
Peaches.— J. W.: If your Peaches are in the 
vinery, as you seem to imply, we consider it a bad 
arrangement, as you cannot give them the proper 
treatment. We do not think it would be advisable 
to lower the border on a level with the pathway, 
unless you plant young trees with tall stems, trees in 
fact which are termed riders, so that the foliage will 
be well up to the light. Peaches do not thrive wejl 
under the shade of vines, nor even other Peach trees. 
That should be the first consideration to have the 
trees well up to the light. A separate house would 
be the best for them. Alexander, Hale’s Early, 
Early Rivers, Dr. Hogg, Early Albert, and Grosse 
Mignonne are some of the best early Peaches in the 
order named. 
Vegetable Marrows.— W. W.: As many of the 
Gourds and Marrows are closely allied, it is neces¬ 
sary to keep them at some distance apart if you 
would keep them true to name. Insects are liable 
to carry the pollen from one to another, and the 
varieties run the risk of being crossed. Both the 
Custard Gourd and the Long White Marrow are 
varieties of Cucurbita Pepo and therefore likely to 
get crossed when close together. 
Bigeneric Hybrid.— W. N.: Doctors do not yet 
by any means agree as to what should constitute a 
species nor even a genus. It is merely a matter of 
opinion, and altogether arbitrary. The species of 
Cattleya and Laelia are admitted by the best 
authorities to be very closely allied, and might even 
be reduced to sections of one genus ; but while that 
is admitted the two are kept separate as much for 
convenience sake as anything else. Until it can be 
definitely settled as to what should constitute a 
genus, authorities will never agree as to what is or 
is not a bigeneric hybrid. In practice it will be 
found that many plants which have long been con¬ 
sidered to belong to different genera will intercross. 
The remarks you make about birds offer another 
strong case in point. So various are the opinions of 
ornithologists about the affinities of birds that the 
science is simply an intricate labyrinth of synonymy. 
If the authors cannot agree as to the genera, they 
cannot state what is and what is not a bigeneric 
hybrid. Our opinion is that the hybridisation of 
plants and the breeding of different species of birds 
together, is merely a case of sexual affinity. 
Tomatos in Vinery.— J.W.: Tomatos may be 
grown either in a vinery or in a Peach-house if grown 
in pots and stood near the glass. We should not 
advise you to do so, however, if you can avoid it. 
They require a dry atmosphere from the time they 
are fit to plant out or occupy 32 size pots. If it is a 
matter of choice then give them a small house to 
themselves, but if you must make the best of the 
conveniences at command, let them have a well- 
lighted position near the glass and keep the foliage 
as dry as possible. 
Vine Leaves Browned.— Mrs. Green : The leaves 
with dark brown blotches have been scalded by the 
sun in the morning or early in the day while yet wet 
or through some flaw in the glass. All, however, 
were infested with red spider, which appears to have 
been more prevalent some time ago than at present, 
for the underside of the leaves are covered with the 
shells of eggs of red spider. A few of the living 
animals were also upon the leaves. Seeing that the 
grapes are colouring you cannot well syringe them 
to check and destroy the spider. Your best plan 
under the circumstances would be to paint the hot 
water pipes with sulphur, and heat the pipes at 
night to cause the sulphur to diffuse through the 
body of the house so as to destroy the pest in question. 
If the house is heated with a flue, a board or two 
may be painted with the mixture of sulphur and 
water and laid upon the flue which should not be 
made very hot, otherwise the sulphur will do 
damage. 
British Ferns.— W. Sharpe : Polystichum angu- 
lare proliferum is certainly a British Fern ; but we 
do not know of any Fern under the name of Poly¬ 
stichum discretum. Possibly it is a garden form of 
something. We could settle the matter if you send 
a frond of each of the two bearing spores. The 
varieties of P. angulare are now so numerous that 
some of them may not be recorded in books. 
There is a British Fern named P. angulare 
decurtum. 
Brick Flue. — New Reader : The number of hot- 
water pipes you mention is not sufficient to heat the 
house for growing Cucumbers in winter. You would 
require at least two flows and two returns under each 
bed, besides the one on the top as you have it at 
present. The flue which you propose to build would 
certainly give a considerable amount of heat in con¬ 
junction with the pipes at present in use ; but the 
heat would not be so regularly distributed as by hot- 
water pipes. The flue at the far end of a house 
60 ft. long, would be comparatively cold, while that 
end next the furnace would be very much hotter. 
You would find it difficult to heat the far end in 
stormy or frosty weather. If you divided the house 
into two compartments, and build a flue in that 
division next the furnace, it would give more satis¬ 
faction in the dead of winter. The flue might go 
along one side of the house and return by the 
other. 
Peas : Erratum. —At p. 773 in the last line of the 
second column, for " Harrison's Glory,” read 
'■ Harrison's Eclipse.” 
Renewing a Herbaceous Border.— W .M.G. : 
This may be done during the month of October, and 
the plants will get partly established again before 
the warmth has left the soil. Trenching the soil or 
digging it two spits deep is what it requires. Plenty 
of farmyard manure should be incorporated with 
the soil as the work proceeds. Failing that, a con¬ 
siderable quantity of old garden refuse from the 
rubbish heap and a layer of burnt wood and prunings 
•would have a wonderful effect upon the growth of 
the plants. Old mushroom bed dung is a capital stimu¬ 
lant and leaf mould may be applied in quantity,pro- 
vided the natural soil is heavy. In case it should be 
sandy or gravelly,a good layer of fresh soil brought 
from beneath the potting benches,also the scourings of 
ditches, if they have lain to get mellow. Lift some 
of the plants and commence trenching. Then mark 
off what has been prepared, arrange the plants in 
their proper positions as to height, and plant them. 
You can then go on to prepare another section 
of the border, and plant it in the same way. By 
this method the plants never remain long out of 
the soil, and will be less liable to suffer should 
any delay in the work occur. 
Communications Received.— A. P.—G. J. I.— 
E. O. G.—A. M.—W. L—G. S.—M. C. B.—X.— 
B.—C. H. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
John Downie, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh.— 
Autumn Catalogue of Bulbs. 
Dicksons & Co., i, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.— 
Dutch and other Flower Roots. 
James Veitch & Sons, King’s Road, Chelsea, 
S.W.—Hyacinths and other bulbous roots. 
Dickson, Brown, & Tait, 43-45, Corporation 
Street, Manchester.—Autumn Catalogue of Flower¬ 
ing bulbs. 
Sutton & Sons, Reading.—Bulbs for 1894. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
August 8th, 1894. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d s. d. 
Apples.per bushel 00 00 
Cherries, per hit. sieve o 000 
Blk Currants,hlf.sieve 3 036 
Red „ ,, 2026 
Grapes, per lb. 1020 
Melons .each 10 30 
s. d. s. d. 
Peaches & Nectarines, 
per doz. 20 80 
Pine apples. 
—St. Michael’s, each 26 60 
Strawberries, per lb. 0 0 00 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
>. d. s. d. 
ArtlchokesGlobedoz. 30 60 
Beans, French, perlb. 10 00 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Cabbages ... per doz. 16 26 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 6 
Carrots, new, per bch. i 6 
Cauliflowers, Eng.dz. 30 60 
Celery.per bundle 16 20 
Cucumbers .each 04 08 
Endive, French, doz. 26 30 
Herbs .per bunch 02 06 
I. d. I, d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 20 30 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch o 6 
Radishes... per dozen i 6 
Seakale...per basket 00 00 
Smallsalading,punnet o 4 
Spinach per bushel 3 0 
Tomatos. perlb. 06 10 
Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
X, d. t. d. 
Aspidistra, per doz 18 0 42 o 
—specimenplants,each5 o 15 o 
Calceolaria, per doz. 306 o 
Crassula, per doz. ...12 o 30 0 
Cyperus .per doz. 4 0 iz 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 18 0 36 0 
Dracaena viridis.doz. 9 0 18 0 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 30 80 
Ferns, small, per 100 40 80 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 0 60 0 
Heaths.per doz. g 0 24 0 | 
>. d. t d. 
Heliotrope...per doz. 30 60 
Hydrangea...per doz. g 0 24 0 
Ivy Geraniums, doz. 40 60 
Lobelia .per doz. 30 40 
Marguerites, perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Mignonette, per doz 30 60 
Nasturtiuns.perdoz. 16 40 
Palms in variety,each 2 6 10 0 
Palms, Specimen ... 15 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums.per dz. 6 0 12 0 
—scarlet.per doz...3 060 
Rhodanthea, per doz. 40 60 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. t. d. s. d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 20 30 
Asters,French,perbch.o 610 
Bouvardias, per bun. 06 10 
Carnations...per doz. 09 20 
Carnation, doz. bchs. 20 40 
Cornflower, doz.bchs. 10 20 
Eucharis ...per doz. 10 20 
Forget-me-Not, 
doz. bchs. 10 20 
Gardenias 12 blooms 10 30 
Gypsophilta,doz.bchs.2 030 
Hellotropes,i2sprays 03 06 
Lilium Harrisil, 
doz. blooms 2 0 40 
Lilium Lance folium 
doz. blms. 10 16 
Lily of the Valley, doz. 
sprays.i 020 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs.4 060 
I Marguerites, 12 bun. 20 40 
I Mignonette... 12 bun. 10 40 
! Orchid Bloom in var. 
per bloom, from 03 10 
Pelargoniums 12 sps. 04 06 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 20 40 
Poppies ...doz. bchs. 06 i S 
Pyrethrum doz. bun.j2 060 
Primula, double, bunf 06 10 
Roses .doz. bchs. 20 60 
Roses, yellow, dozen 20 40 
— Red.doz. blms. 06 i o 
— Saffrano...per doz. 10 16 
— Tea.per dozen 06 20 
Stocks.doz. bchs. 20 30 
Sweet Sultan doz bchs r 630 
Tuberoses, per doz 04 06 
aOITTE2SrTS 
Auriculas, double 
Botanists, hair-splitting, 
Carnation and Picotee 
Union . 
Climbing Plants, on ... 
Cyclamens, hardy, at 
Cannes.789 
Cypripedium Dallemagnei 787 
Exotic Orchids .788 
Floriculture .786 
Gardeners' Calendar.795 
Goethea strictiflora.792 
Gower, Mr. W. H., death 01784 
Gloxinias under name .7S9 
Hardy plants in flower.792 
Linaria reticulata .792 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Association .79t 
PAGE. 
Medland, Mr. G.. death of...788 
Narcissus, the Genus.790 
Odontoglossum cordatum 
aureum.487 
Palumbina Candida .787 
Potato Disease.794 
Quassia Water.7S3 
Riviera flower trade.790 
Roses, British .787 
Roses by the sea .783 
Rubi, British.787 
Southampton Floral Fete ...785 
Tournefortia heliotropoides 792 
Trade fixtures .784 
Vegetable Garden .787 
Ventilating gear .785 
Walk in the country, a .784 
Winter Spinach .787 
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787 
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