OF TRANSPLANTING. 
5 
like this machine, have straight arms to the 
axle. If the arms are bent, the lower parts of 
the wheels stand nearer together than the upper 
parts. But when the shafts are raised to take 
up the load, the lower parts of the wheels are 
wrenched from one another; and when the 
shafts are hauled down to raise the load, the 
lower parts of the wheels are again wrenched 
together. This, with heavy loads and rough 
deep ground, requires force which no machinery 
will stand long. 
The only argument which I know in favour 
of bent arms to axles is one which I never heard 
mentioned or saw stated: it prevents wabbling . 
It indeed creates friction between the boxes and 
the ends of the axles, since the wheel inclines to 
run up the arm which is bent down. But this 
is not so bad as the friction and wear and tear 
caused by wabbling. With straight arms, wabbling 
can only be prevented by having the arms and 
boxes very long. This increases the friction; 
perhaps as much as results from forcing a conical 
wheel to run straight instead of circling out¬ 
ward from the carriage. 
B 3 
