126 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
Oct. 25th, 1884. 
character. Several trees in the same long row, have 
the same peculiarity. 
Besides the spray, which is so varied and pleasing, 
we have the lightness or heaviness of foliage; the 
early or late leafing, as well as the early or late fall 
of the foliage; the roughness or smoothness of the 
bark; the light or dark colour of the same; the 
yellow, buff or scarlet autumnal tints of the leaves; 
the beautiful flowers of some and the conspicuous 
fruits of others, each possessing some agreeable char¬ 
acteristics which make variety, and add to the 
expression of every landscape or ornamental planta¬ 
tion. 
Impressed with these ideas, I endeavoured to 
introduce every tree which would be likely to prove 
hardy in our climate, and in 1844 when abroad I 
selected from the leading nurseries of England and 
France every tree I could procure of this description. 
The quantity was large, though only a few specimens 
of each. Some proved to be too tender, others were 
so much like those we had that they were cut down, 
and burned for want of space. Yet to my surprise I 
found, after all, I had nearly two hundred varieties 
left. The first of these trees I planted in 1S44, and 
every year subsequently the whole of those enume¬ 
rated up to 1869. Since then I have many additions, 
but they are too small to be worthy of note here. 
Every tree was planted out in nursery rows, for two 
or three years, with good cultivation, when some of 
them were removed and the others remain where they 
originally stood. Such a collection in the limited 
space of twenty-five acres, is not often seen. They 
form in fact an open volume, full of interest 
every month in the year. A poem as it were, 
in twelve cantos, each as distinct and pro¬ 
gressive as the theme of the poem, or as repre¬ 
sentative of the processes of nature as the overture 
is of the changes in the opera. Every month brings 
its transformations. Now it is the bare and naked 
stem and branchlets, then comes the slowly swelling 
buds ; and, later, the flower buds and blossoms; then 
the soft green of the bursting shoots, followed by the 
full leafage ; again the fading foliage reminds us that 
summer is flitting away and we begin the declining 
year; and where the fruits do not take the place of 
leaves, the autumnal tints of scarlet and gold invest 
all with a new charm. The falling leaves as they 
come eddying down, bring us a carpet upon the now 
cold and frosty ground, as we saunter among them, 
and as the first snows softly fall, mantling the half- 
naked branches, bending them to the ground, we are 
brought near the close; again to enjoy the delight 
of that dreary season of frost and snow which is 
scarcely less interesting than the sylvan beauty of 
summer’s heat and drought.— C. M. Hovey in the 
Massachusets Ploughman. 
THE “ ILLUSTRATION 
HORTICOLE.” 
In the August number we observe coloured figures of 
he following interesting plants :—Dianthus Caryo- 
phyllus, vars. (t. 529), a double-page illustration, show¬ 
ing six handsome varieties of this popular florist’s 
flower. Eig. Eis a fine, deep crimson, Clove-Camation, 
and the remainder are flaked Bizarres. Figs. A,B,C, 
and D are yellow grounds, and fig. E a white ground, all 
of which are more or less heavily flaked with rose and 
carmine or crimson. Fig. B is especially pleasing, 
being a bright yellow ground lightly flaked with rosy- 
crimson.—Cypripedium eiliolare (t. 530) : a charming 
species, closely allied to C. superbiens, and a native 
of the Philippine Islands, whence it was imported by 
Messrs. Hugh Low & Sons. The leaves are pale green, 
marbled with a much lighter shade; the scapes are 
very hairy and the flowers nearly 5 in. in diameter. 
The upper sepal is fringed, purple at the base, with 
very deep purple lines and shading off to pale green 
at the apex ; the petals are beautifully fringed, pale 
purple, with darker lines and very dark blotches, and 
the lip purple-brown.—Gunnera manicata (t. 531). A 
fine-foliaged plant, much smaller than the well-known 
Chilian species, G. seabra. The leaves are about 
18 in. across, with a nearly circular outline, and 
many short lobes with an irregularly toothed margin. 
The petioles are somewhat prickly, and the sheaths 
at the base of a fight rosy-red. It is a native of Brazil 
and luxuriates in a rather moist soil. 
BLACKBERRY JELLY. 
Foe years past we have converted the Blackberry 
into jam, both by itself and in conjunction with other 
fruit, especially Apples. But this is the first season that 
we have attempted to make jelly from them. The flavour 
is most pleasant, and w T e are astonished that this 
method of utilizing Blackberries has not suggested itself 
to us before. The seeds, which are much larger in some 
varieties than others, are always objectionable to those 
wdro are dentally defective, but unpleasant experiences 
of that kind can be obviated by dealing with the fruit 
in the following manner. To three quarts of berries 
add one quart of water, and boil .them for half an 
hour; then strain through a sieve fine enough to 
retain the seeds, or, failing this, through a piece of 
muslin. Add to each pint of juice 1 lb. of lump 
sugar (or what answers equally as well, lump dust, 
vdiieh is cheaper), boil for twenty minutes, or till 
such time as it will adhere to the spoon, jelly like, 
when it must be taken to a cool place. Those who 
may not have a copper pan, which, by the way, is a 
common mantelpiece ornament in the workmen’s 
cottages in this part of Lancashire, must use a clean 
iron one, but by no means tin, as it will spoil the 
colour, vdfich is as pleasing to the eye as the jelly 
itself is to the palate.— B. 
— a— - d ■ ; ■<>■ — 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Heating. — J. II. —In the stove division you would require 
three rows of 4-in. pipes, two flows and one return, along 
each side. In the other compartment, intended for Melons and 
Cucumbers, you ought to have a flow and return tinder each 
bed, to provide bottom heat, and a flow and return above the 
bed, and along the sides, to warm the air. The boiler would 
be best placed against the division in the centre, so that you 
could carry the mains into the centre of the house, and by the 
use of valves heat each house, either together or independently. 
You must arrange, however, for the boiler to be set low 
enough to allow of the mains being carried under the paths. 
Shrubs eor Window-Boxes. — ./. S., Watford. — In a 
general way there are -no better dwarf hardy shrubs for 
window-boxes than the green and mottle-leaved Aucubas and 
the common Euonymus japonica, and its golden and silver 
variegated varieties. These seem able to stand any weather, 
however severe. In seasons like the last, Veronica Andersoni, 
or its variety, The Gem, do well in window-boxes, but severe 
frost is fatal to them. If you like variety you may use with 
the plants named some young Conifers, such as Thuia aurea, 
Cupressus Lawsoniana, and C. Lawsoniana erecta viridis, and 
small bushy Eetinosporas, small Box trees, &c. If you can 
add, after planting, a mulching of cocoa-fibre refuse it will 
materially protect the roots from frost. 
Bruits to name.— F. Bedford.— The Apple found in the old 
wom-out orchard is named Trumpington, a pretty, but only 
second-rate dessert variety. It is also called The Old Trum¬ 
peter, Deleware, and the Eve Apple.— W. Scott. —Your Pear is 
BeurrO Bose, an old favourite of ours, but not much grown 
now. 
Lime-tree Seeds. — J. T. F. asks if some of our correspon¬ 
dents will kindly say if they have ever known the Lime tree to 
seed in this country ? He is desirous of raising some seedlings 
but has failed to discover any seeds.—The seeds very seldom 
ripen in this country, and then only in exceptionally favourable 
seasons. Baising Lime trees from seeds is a very slow 
process, consequently they are usually propagated by layering. 
Names oe Plants.— G. H. —1. Cupressus nutkaensis ; 
2. Probably a form of Cupressus Lawsoniana; 3. Juniperus 
virginiana; 4. Puhnonaria saccharata; 5. Correa alba; 6. 
Dendrobium aqueum. 
Town and Suburban Planting.— In the article on this 
subject at p. 103, for Platanus occidentalis, read the Oriental 
Plane, Platanus orientalis. 
Communications received.—E. H. A.—W. T.—P. P. G. 
—H. D.-J. II—G. T.—IV. D.-D. C. L.-C. E, & Co.—E. B. 
—E. D.—T. O. 
-— s~^ - a £9< XlL. ■- a - 
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
The Editor legs to inform his readers that 
special attention will be paid in the columns of 
The Gardening World, to the answering of questions 
on all subjects connected with practical horticulture, in 
which department he will have the assistance of several 
gardeners of great experience and known ability. To 
save time, however, as far as possible, correspondents 
are specially requested to write only on one side of the 
paper; to write their questions in as few words as 
possible consistent with clearness; and where two or 
more questions arc aslced on widely different subjects, to be 
good enough to put them on separate pieces of paper. 
It is also particularly requested that correspondents 
will favour us with their communications as early in 
the week as possible, and that they address them only to 
“ The Editor.” 
Trade Catalogues Received. 
Charles P. Kinnell & Co., 31. Bankside, Southwark, 
S.E.—Illustrations and Price List of Hot-Water Appliances. 
Trank Law, Ewood Maltkiln, Burnley Boad, Todmorden. 
—Carnations and Picotees. 
Thomas S. Waee, Hall Tarm Nurseries, Tottenham.— 
General Nursery Stock. 
B. B. Laird & Sons, 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.— 
Dutch Flowering Bulbs. 
LONDON SEED TRADE* 
October 23rd. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, of 152, Houndsditefi, and 
39, Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report that 
the market continues in a very inactive state. A few 
lots of new English Bed Clover have changed hands, 
but the majority of the samples are too small grained 
to tempt early buyers. White Alsike and Trefoil 
Clovers are firmly held. Winter Tares are in good 
request at unchanged rates, and some business has 
been done in Bye-grasses, but the market foi’ perennial 
is dearer. Birds’ Seeds seU slowly at last week’s prices. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET* 
October 23rd. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Apples, 1-sieve. 1 6- 4 0 
Figs, per dozen . 0 6- 0 9 
Grapes, per lb. 1 0- 4 0 
Kent Filberts and 
Cobbs, per 100 lb. 60 0-62 6 
s. d. s. d. 
Melons, each. 10-26 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 4 0-50 
„ St. Michael's ea. 3 0-60 
Peaches, per dozen... 3 0-80 
Pears, French, p. doz. 16-36 
Vegetables.—Average Beiail Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Lettuces, Cabbage, 
per dozen . 1 6- 
— Cos, each . 0 2- 
Marrows, each. 0 3- 
Mint, green, bunch... 0 4- 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10-2 
Onions, per bunch ... 0 0- 
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- 
Badishes, perdozen... 1 6- 
Small salading, per 
punnet. 0 4- 
Spinach, per strike... 2 0- 
Tomatos, per lb. 0 9- 
Tumips, bunch . 0 6- 
3 0-4" 
Potatoes.— Kent Begents, SO s. to 100s. per ton; Kent kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Artichokes, Globe,per 
dozen . 2 0- 4 0 
Beans, French, lb. ... 0 4- ... 
Beet, per dozen . 2 0- 3 0 
Cabbages, per dozen 16-20 
Carrots, per bunch... 0 8- ... 
Cauliflowers.English, 
dozen . 3 0- 4 0 
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 6 
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6-08 
Endive, French, per 
dozen . 2 6- 3 6 
Garlic, per lb. 0 6- ... 
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 2- 0 4 
Horse Eadish, bundle 3 0-40 
. d. s. d. 
Abutilon, 12 bimehes 2 0-40 
Azalea, 12 sprays ...16-20 
Asters, 12 bimehes ...4 0-6 0 
Bourvardias, per bun. 0 9-10 
Camellias, 12 blooms 3 0-60 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10-20 
Chrysanthemums, 12 
bimehes . 3 0- 9 0 
— large, 12 blooms... 1 0- 4 0 
Cornflower, 12bun.... 2 0-40 
Dahlias, 12 bimehes 3 0-60 
Eucharis, per dozen 4 0-60 
Gardenias, 12 blms. 3 0-60 
Gladiolus, various, 12 
spikes . 1 0- 3 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sp. ... 0 6- 1 0 
Lapageria,red,12blms.l 0-2 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Lapageria, white, 12 
blooms. 2 0-30 
Marguerites, 12 him. 4 0-90 
Pelargoniums, per 12 
sprays. 0 6- 1 0 
Pinks, various, 12 
bimehes .- ... 
Primula, double bun. 10-16 
Pyrethrum, 12 bim. 
Boses, out-door, 12 
bimehes . 9 0-12 0 
Boses, indoors, p. doz. 2 0-60 
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 6 0-90 
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2 0-40 
Tuberoses, per dozen 10-16 
White Jasmine, bim. 0 6-10 
Plants in Pots.- 
s. 
Aralia Sieboldi, per 
dozen . 6 
Asters, per dozen ...3 
Begonias, per dozen 4 
Bouvardias, dozen... 9 
Chrysanth., dozen ... 4 
Cockscombs, dozen 
Coleus, various, doz. 2 
Cyperus, per dozen 3 
Dracaena term. doz. 30 
— viridis, per dozen 12 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 
-Average Wholesale Prices. 
d. s. d. 
0-24 0 
0-6 0 
0-12 0 
0-1S 0 
0-6 0 
0-4 0 
0-9 0 
0-60 0 
0-24 0 
0-24 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 0 
Ficus elastica, each... 16-70 
Foliage Plants, vari¬ 
ous, each . 2 0-10 0 
Fusehias, per dozen 3 0-60 
Heliotrope, dozen ... 3 0- 6 0 
Lilium, various,p.doz. 
Marguerites, per doz. 
Palms in variety, each 2 6-21 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet 
per dozen . 2 0- 6 0 
Petunias, per dozen 
Solanums, dozen. 9 0-15 0 
CONTENTS* 
PAGE 
Allotment question, the... 115 
Amateurs’ Garden, the ... 120 
Aralia sieboldi . 117 
Auricula, Double Black ... 125 
Autumn tints. 116 
Azaleas, Indian. 124 
Begonia Martiana. 123 
Berberis Darwinii . 123 
Beet . 123 
Blackberry Jelly . 126 
Bouvardias, new . 124 
British Maiden-hair Fern IIS 
Cabbage Lettuces. 115 
Calliearpa purpurea. 119 
Camellias in October . 123 
Cauliflowers . 123 
Celery crop, the. 123 
Chou de Burghley . 123 
Chrysanthemums, new ... 115 
Cyclamen persicum. 125 
Cyperus alternifolius . 119 
Dahlias, autumn propaga¬ 
tion of . 122 
„ lifting . 125 
Dendrobium Wardianuni 124 
Evergreens, propagating 120 
Flowers . 122 
Fruiterers’ Company, the 116 
Fruit Show at South 
Kensington. 115 
Gardening Miscellanv. 116 
„ Sir T. Law- 
" rence on . 118 
Harvest Festivals. 115 
Heating Small Green¬ 
houses . 120 
Impatiens Sultani . 122 | 
PAGE 
Jerusalem Artichoke in 
Flower, the. 123 
Kitchen Garden Work ...125 
Lily Bulbs, large . 122 
Lilium longiflorum . 122 
Luminous Wood . 113 
Maiden-hair Fern, British 118 
Manures, Home. 119 
Michaelmas Daisies . 116 
Odontoglossum crispum 
( illustrated) . 117 
Odontoglossum Insleayi... 124 
Orchid Growers’ Calendar 124 
Orchid Yotes . 124 
Orchids at Holloway . 124 
Peaches, late . 122 
Pears. 115 
Pernettya mucronata. 120 
Polyanthus Yarcissi. 120 
Potato Show, the Inter¬ 
national . 117 
Bailway Allotments. 121 
Bose, Devoniensis. 124 
Boses for a North Wall ... 120 
Scliizostyliscoccinea... 115,122 
Strawberry tree, the . 116 
Tomato Prince of Orange 116 
Tradescants’ Tomb ( illus¬ 
trated ) . 120 
Trees, ornamental in 
America . 125 
Tui-nips. 123 
Unseasonable Flowering 115 
Vegetables .123 
Yines.on the earlyforcing of 122 
Water-Lilies at Kew . 125 
Wild Plant Fabrics.119 
