174 
THE GARDENING WORLD, 
Nov. 1.5th, 1884. 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
Royal Horticultural, Xovemberllth. —TheFloral 
Committee, at their meeting on Tuesday, had some 
very fine new Chrysanthemums from Messrs. John 
Laing & Co., Stanstead Park, Forest Hill; Messrs. 
James Yeiteh & Sons, Chelsea ; and Messrs. Cannell 
& Son, Swanley, to adjudicate upon, though but few, 
comparatively speaking, came out of the ordeal 
successfully. Messrs. Laing & Co. received two First- 
class Cerrificates, the selected flowers being La Purtie, 
Japanese, a very fine white flower in the way of Lady 
Selbome. but a much heavier built bloom ; and Anais, 
a most peculiarly coloured Pompon, double Daisv-like 
in form, very compact, and in colour a medley of 
creamy-white, pale lemon, orange, and pale rose. 
The Messrs. Cannell took three of the coveted awards, 
and had the honour so far of showing the flower of 
the season, a perfect gem belonging to the reflexed 
section, named “ C ull ingford,” large and fine in 
form, and of a rich glowing crimson colour; it 
is a great beauty. The other varieties recog¬ 
nized were La Bien-Aimee, a fine white pale 
lilac-tinted, Japanese variety; and a remarkably 
good white Pompon, named Star of Whyke, of the 
Mdlle. Marthe type, a very free bloomer and valuable 
for cutting. The Messrs. Yeiteh were awarded First- 
class Certificates for Criterion, a noble flower of a rich 
orange, shaded with cinnamon, very large, full and 
stout in the petals, and intermediate in character be¬ 
tween the Japanese and reflexed varieties ; and Boseum 
pic-tum, a grand reflexed flower of great size, and 
rich deep rose colour, a handsome decorative variety. 
Messrs. Laing and Messrs. Yeiteh showed flowering 
plants, but the Messrs. Cannell confined themselves 
to cut blooms, putting up in a most effective manner 
a representative set of each section, with bunches of 
three blooms of each variety wired and set up after 
the manner adopted with single Dahlias, the whole 
forming a most novel and pleasing display. The 
Messrs. Cannell also received a First-class Certificate 
for the fine double-white Zonal Pelargonium, Le 
Cygne, which produces large trusses of white, flat, 
semi-double pips. Other Certificates of the same 
value were voted to Baron Sehrceder, The Dell, 
Egham (Mr. Ballantine, gardener), for Cattleya trop- 
thalma, with lilac-mauve sepals and petals, and the lips 
a pretty shade of purple, with lemon-coloured blotch 
at the base, and for the new Aerides Sanderiana ; to 
W. Lee, Esq., for a pure white variety of Oneidium 
incurvum; to Mr. G. Fleet, Lckfield, Sussex, for 
Cupressus Lawsoniana Fleeti, a very distinct 
silvery-variegated form, of close; compact habit ; 
to Messrs. Charles Lee A Son, Hammersmith, 
for Yibumum Tinus aureo-marginata, a golden 
variegated form of the common Laurustinus, to 
Messrs. Yeiteh & Sons for the white-flowered Ipomaa 
Thomsoni, the stove climber sent out last year bv 
Mr. B. S. W illiams and Messrs. Ireland & Thomson, 
and for Carraguata angustifolia, a pretty little 
Bromeliad with orange scarlet flowers, that will make 
a nice plant for room decoration ; to Messrs. Hooper 
& Co., Covent Garden, for a perpetual flowering 
Carnation of dwarf free habit, named Chevalier, 
primrose yellow ground, flaked with crimson on the 
edges of the broad petals ; and to the Boyal Horti¬ 
cultural Society for the handsome purple flowered 
Groundsel, Seneeio pnlcher. 
The Fruit Committee had a number of Seedling 
Apples before them, but none of them were sufficiently 
distinct or otherwise good enough to be distinguished 
by a Certificate of Merit. Messrs. Ban- & Son offered 
prizes for three stems of Brussels Sprouts, for which 
there was only one entry, Mr. J. May, gardener to 
Captain Le Blanc, Northaw House, Bamet, who for 
a good average sample was awarded the first prize. 
Manchester Horticultural Improvement.— 
The first meeting for the Session 1884-5 of this Society 
was held on November 6th, in one of the rooms at the 
Old Town Hall, Ki ng Street. Mr. Br.rcE Fixdlat, 
the president, occupied the chair, and the attendance 
of members was very large. The first business before 
the meeting was the appointment of officers for the 
coming year. Mr. Findlay was re-elected president, 
Mr. Bobert Tait, treasurer ; Mr. W illiam Swan, secre¬ 
tary; and the following gentlemen constitute the 
committee :—Messrs. F. Bobinson, William Plant, 
E. G. Hughes, J. Briddon, and J. S. Butterworth. It 
was decided that the future fortnightly meetings of 
the Society should begin at seven o'clock. 
Mr. H. Marshall Ward, M.A., lecturer on botany 
at the Owens College, delivered a lecture on “ Boots : 
their power of selection." The object of his address 
he remarked, was to show how most valuable infor¬ 
mation could be derived from a careful study of a 
common root, and that that information was impor¬ 
tant alike to the botanist and agriculturist. The 
germination of a seed was shortly described, and he 
showed that the young roots proceeded to enter the 
soil to f ulfil the purpose for which they had become 
adapted, namely, to hold the rest of the plant and to 
absorb water and dissolve food matters in the soil. 
The curious properties of this tip of the root were 
examined. It was sensitive to various influences 
turning towards the centre of the earth with marked 
persistence. It also avoided light and tended towards 
a moist surface. But strangest of all perhaps were 
its sensitive actions towards solid bodies and irritants 
and its curious rocking movements, which probably 
aided the tip to enter the soil. The structure of the 
firm, rigid and even elastic tip and its protective coat 
were then sketched, stress being laid on the fact that 
such a body could not possibly serve as an absorptive 
organ, but that it was admirably adapted for being 
steadily pushed between particles of soil aided by its 
sensitiveness to various influences, its tendency to 
slightly rock on all sides, its slippery surface and 
conical shape. The elongation of the cells behind 
pushed the tip slowly and steadily forward with 
relatively enormous force. The lecturer proceeded to 
show how root-hairs arose in millions, at the parts 
which had ceased to elongate, an obvious adaptation 
which prevented their being rubbed off as the rest of 
the root moved forward. The efficient distribution of 
root-hairs and rootlets was commented upon, showing 
how every crevice of the soil was successively explored 
from the central root, the rootlets reacting differently 
as regards gravitation from the primary root. A 
description was given of the mode in which root- 
hairs attach themselves to particles of sand and slate 
in the soil, glueing themselves to their surface. Mr. 
Ward also explained their action in absorbing aerated 
water and its dissolved salts. The lecture, which was 
listened to throughout with deep attention, was illus¬ 
trated by a number of diagrams. 
Mr. Wllliayi Plant, of Ashton-on-Mersey, asked Mr. 
Ward whether roots of plants had power of selection ; 
in other words, were there sets of separate and distinct 
roots for producing wood and others for producing 
fruit? 
Mr. Ward most unhesitatingly said no. The 
matter must necessarily be one of experience, and it 
must be remembered, when he gave that answer, that 
he was utterly ignorant of any experiments whatever 
which showed that roots possessed the power in ques¬ 
tion. As he understood the query it was, “ Is there 
any evidence to show that a plant possesses two kinds 
of roots one of which produces fruit and the other 
produces wood ? ’’ (Mr. Pxaxt ; That is my question.) 
His answer was that there was no evidence so far as 
he knew which supported that view in the least; in 
fact he said unhesitatingly that such was not the case. 
- g— ■ —r — 
Pyrus Mallei. —Will some of your readers kindly 
tell me how the fruits of this plant are converted 
into a preserve? We have some fruits ripening 
against an orchid-house wall, and should be glad to 
know the method of using them as the late Mr. 
Maule did.—TT. D. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Praxis xaaeed. — G. E. Parr. —A Gesneraceous plant, 
Cyrtodeira fulgida, a native of the Chontales Mountains, in 
South America. 
Garde xias xmix g- yellow. — Vanda. —They have, some¬ 
how or other, got wrong at the roots, and deficient root action 
will turn the leaves yellow quicker than anything. If you can 
give them a little steady bottom heat, and, about a fortnight 
after they have been under this treatment, apply liquid 
m an ure and soot-water they should soon come round again. 
The plants are really starving now. 
Glazixg.— A. B .— The double system of glazing has been 
often tried and found wanting. We cannot recommend you 
to adopt it for a forcing house, in which all the light possible 
is desirable. If any of our readers can say anything in favour 
of the system we should be glad to hear from them. 
Trade Catalogues Received. 
Johx Key yard, Swan Place, Old Kent Hoad. —Horticul¬ 
tural Soils, Sundries, and Pottery. 
Daxiel Maegeits, 16, York Street, Covent Garden. — 
Florists’ Requisites, Floral Devices in Wire, Ac. 
H. Booxirby, Louth, Lincolnshire.— List of Strawberries, 
Hardy Florists’ Flowers, Ac. 
LONDON SEED TRADE, 
X member 12th. 
Messrs. Hursi & Sox, of 152, Houndsditc-h, and 
39, Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report that the 
market continues inactive, and that the large supplies 
of English Bed Clover have in the absence of buyers 
caused prices to recede. White Clover, Alsike, and 
Trefoil are neglected and unchanged. Spring Tares 
are offering at prices above views of buyers here. 
Canary, Hemp, and Linseed are easier; Blue Peas 
unchanged. 
— :— - iP O- tv-— — 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET, 
Xovember 13th. 
Felii.—Ayeeage Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. s. d . s . d . 
Apples, 4-sieve. 1 6- 4 0 Kent Filberts and 
— A ova Scotian, per Cobbs, per 1001b. 60 0-62 6 
barrel . 12 0-13 0 Melons, each 3 0-40 
— Extra samples.20 0- ... I Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 3 0-40 
Figs, per dozen . 0 6- 0 9 ., St. Michael’s ea. 3 0-10 0 
Grapes, per lb. 0 9- 3 0 Peaches, per dozen... 6 0- S 0 
Pears, French, p.doz. 16-36 
Yeget arles.—Average Keiatl Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Artichokes, Globe,per 
dozen .. 2 0-40 
Beans, French, lb.... 0 4- ... 
Beet, per dozen . 2 0- 3 0 
Brussels Spronts.4 sve.2 6-3 0 
Cabbages, per dozen 16-20 
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... 
Cauliflowers, English, 
dozen .... 3 0-40 
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 6 
Cncnmbers, each ... 0 6- 0 S 
Endive, French, per 
dozen . 2 6- 3 6 
Garlic, per lb. 0 6- ... 
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 2- 0 4 
s. d , s . d . 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0-40 
Lettuces, Cabbage, 
per dozen .. l 6- ... 
— Cos, each . 0 2- ... 
Marrows, each. 0 3- ... 
Mint, green, bunch .. 0 4- ... 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10-20 
Onions, per bnshl. ... 2 6- 3 6 
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... 
Radishes, perdozen... 1 6 - ... 
Small salading, per 
punnet.1. 0 4- ... 
Spinach, per strike... 2 0- ... 
Tomatos, per lb. 0 6- 0 3 
Turnips, bunch . 0 6- ... 
Potaxos. —Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys, 
SOs. to 100s. per ton : Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Cut Prowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
«>. u. o. u. 
Abntilon, 12 bunches 2 0-40 
Azalea, 12 sprays ... 1 0- 1 6 
Bourvardias, per bun. 0 9-10 
Camellias, 12 blooms 2 0-60 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10-20 
Chrysanthemums, 12 
bunches . 2 0- 6 0 
— large, 12 blooms... 0 6-20 
Cornflower, 12bun.... 2 0-40 
Dahlias, 12 hunches 2 0-40 
Eueharis, per dozen 4 0-60 
Gardenias. 12 blms. 3 0-60 
Gladiolus, various, 12 
spikes .. 10-30 
Heliotropes, 12 sp. ... 0 6- 1 0 
Lapageria,red,12blms.l 0-2 0 
s. a . s . a . 
Lapageria, white, 12 
blooms. 2 0-30 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 4 0-90 
1 Pelargoniums, per 12 
1 sprays... 10-16 
— scarlet,per 12 sprays 0 4-09 
Pinks, various, 12 
bunches. - ... 
Primula, double bnn. 10-16 
Pyrethrum, 12 bun. 
Roses, out-door, 12 
bunches . . 9 0-12 0 
Roses, indoors, p. doz. 2 0-60 
! Stephanotis, 12 spr. 6 0-90 
Tuberoses, per dozen 10-16 
. White Jasmine, bun. 0 6-10 
Plaxts ix Pois.— Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d.' s. d. s. d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, per Picns elastica, each... 16-70 
dozen . 6 0-24 0 Foliage Plants, vari- 
Begonias, per dozen 4 0-12 0 on\ each . 2 0-10 0 
Bouvardias, dozen... 9 0-13 0 Fuschias, per dozen 3 0-60 
Chrysanth., dozen ... 4 0- 6 0 Heliotrope, dozen ...30-60 
Cockscombs, dozen - Lilium.various.p.doz. 
Cyperas, per dozen 3 0- 9 0 Marguerites, per doz. 
Dractena term. doz. 30 0-60 0 P alms in variety, each 2 6-21 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0-24 0 Pelargoniums, scarlet 
Evergreens, in var., per dozen . 2 0- 6 0 
pier dozen . 6 0-24 0 Petunias, per dozen 
Perns, in var., dozen 4 0-1S 0 Solanums, dozen. 9 0-15 0 
CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Amateurs’ Garden, the ... 16S 
Ampelopsis Yeitehii. 16S 
Apple Fair, an . 163 
Apples, select. 170 
Artichokes, Jerusalem ... 171 
Carnations, winter flower¬ 
ing . 171 
Celery, Carter’s Solid Ivory 171 
Chrysanthemum Shows... 172 
Chrysanthemum, the. 167 
Cypripedium Spicerianum, 
Whistrated) . 164 
Exhibitors, dishonest. 163 
Fawke's improved Boiler 
( illustrated ) . 172 
Ferns, small . 164 
Floriculture . 172 
Flowers . 170 
Fruit } fanual, the . 164 
Fruit Culture in the South 166 
Fruits . 170 
Gardening Miscellany . 164 
Gooseberries, on pruning 16S 
PAGE 
Hardy Fruit Culture . 170 
Home Manures. 166 
Horticultural Societies ... 173 
Lncnlia gratissima . lid 
Miltoniakpectabilis radians 172 
Moss, cuttings in . 167 
Gardeners’ Benevolent In¬ 
stitution . 172 
Orchid Growers’ Calendar 172 
Orchids. Major Lendy’s .. 172 
Peas, new Sweet . 170 
Phlox Drummondi . 171 
Planting Trees . 164 
Railway allotments. 167 
Roots, lifting and storing 16s 
Sanderson. Edward (with 
portrait) . 163 
Shearer, the late Mr. A.... 163 
Strawberry growing . 16S 
Vegetables 1. 171 
Violas for Spring Bedding lid 
Wedding Flowers. 163 
