Dec. 13th, 1884. 
339 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
attention their work demands. Under former arrange¬ 
ments, the consideration of every subject by the whole 
body was of advantage to all, irrespective of individual 
opinions, and the votes finally taken. 
(Signed) “ James O’Brien, Chairman A Section. 
“ Shirley Hibberd, Chairman B Section.” 
-- 
Manchester Horticultural Improvement, 
December 4th .—At the usual fortnightly meeting of 
this Society, held in one of the rooms of the Old Town 
Hall, King Street, Mr. Bruce Findlay, the President, 
said the annals of horticulture bore witness to the 
success which has attended at least many of the 
efforts made by cultivators in the hybridization of the 
ornamental plants of other climes after they had been 
introduced among us. In short, many of the finest 
plants we cultivate owe their origin to this source, 
some have been crossed and inter-crossed until they 
have been thoroughly broken up, and now yield us 
seminal varieties to an unlimited extent. Orchids 
have been broken into, and that with remarkable 
success, and then there is the great and important 
class of useful plants, our fruits, vegetables, and field 
crops, and not only these, but the economical plants, 
such as cotton. All these prove to be under the 
influence of the cross-breeder. India will soon supjily 
the world with quinine from plants raised by English 
skill in English hot-houses, and there is no reason why 
the cotton plant should not be improved thus and 
sent out tci be grown in our cotton-fields. There are 
several cases where certain sorts cannot be grown 
except in peculiar soils and situations, while others 
thrive best under totally different circumstances. 
Again, cases occur when one sort possesses, say, 
quality A and lacks quality B, whilst the qualities of 
another are exactly reversed. Here a mutual inter¬ 
change and equalization of properties by the skill of 
the hybridist would tend to improve the plant. 
, Mr. A. Woolnough read a paper on the fertilization 
of plants and flowers, his remarks being illustrated by 
specimens shown under the microscope, and a number 
of diagrams. After speaking of the changes in a 
flower, in various parts, brought about by fertilization, 
he remarked that in many plants also a marked 
change followed pollination. In many of the Orchids 
the ovules are not formed till pollination has taken 
place. He pointed out that pollination is rarely 
effected by the wind alone ; it is, however, in many of 
the conifers. In some cases the pollen is thrown on 
to the stigma by the bursting of the anthers ; but the 
most general agents of pollination are insects, and 
many and varied are the contrivances resorted to to 
allure the insects to the flowers. The attractions 
offered to insects are colour and sweet juice, or 
honey, and in the case, of flowers without them it 
meant no insects, which might mean no fertilization, 
and no fertilization must mean no seeds. Then 
this meant eventually that the plants and species 
must die out. 
The lecture was followed with close attention by the 
members, and at the close a unanimous vote of thanks 
was awarded to Mr. Woolnough. 
Mr. W. Swan, the honorary secretary, drew the 
attention of the meeting to two collections of cut 
flowers which were laid on the table. He said that in 
answer to a letter from himself, Messrs. H. Cannell and 
& Sons, of Swanley, Kent, had sent to the meeting 
some forms of their new Primulas, which were 
entirely due to a persistent course of fertilization, 
Mr. Swan ventured to say that the specimens included 
some of the best forms ever sent into this district. 
The other flowers were contributed by Mr. Bobert Tait, 
the treasurer of the Society, and comprised a great 
variety of flowers grown in the open-air in Wales. 
North of Scotland Horticultural Associa¬ 
tion.— The third annual exhibition of Chrysanthe¬ 
mums held under the auspices of this Association 
was opened in Aberdeen on the 5th inst., and proved 
in point of numbers and quality a decided advance on 
its predecessors. The exhibition was held in the Ball 
Boom, Music Hall Buildings, the large plants being 
arranged along the walls of the room, and the flowers 
and small plants laid out on two tables along each 
side. Amongst the miscellaneous flowers we noticed 
a beautiful white Lapageria, an excellent specimen of 
Poiasettia, and fine specimens of Primulas and Cinera¬ 
rias. At the far end of the room there was a collection 
of large plants which obtained the first prize at the 
Boyal Horticultural Society’s Show, while along the 
east side were three collections of well-flowered 
Chrysanthemums arranged in groups of four. Some 
good vegetables were also exhibited, among which a 
beautiful new Carrot shown by Mr. David Middleton, 
and a fine smooth specimen of Carrot marked St. 
Valery, obtained cultural certificates. Some immense 
Leeks were also exhibited by Mr. Gill, while on the 
same table there were eighty-five varieties of fine 
Potatos exhibited by Messrs. John Smith & Sons. 
Messrs. Cardno & Darling also obtained a cultural 
certificate for a fine display of conifers. 
In the classes for Chrysanthemums in pots, the 
most successful exhibitors were Mr. A. Innes, 
Pitmuxton ; Mr. James Hunter, Richmondhill; Mr. A. 
Chisholm, Blackneuk; and Mr. James Minty, Canal 
Boad; while the best cut blooms were exhibited by 
Mr. G. Wyness, Usan ; Mr. A. Grigor, Fairfield ; Mr. 
W. Jeffrey, Ferryhill; and Mr. William Ogg, Morken. 
THE LATE DANIEL JUDD. 
We regret to record the death on the 3rd inst., 
at Shefford, Beds, after a long and painful illness, of 
Mr. Daniel Judd, aged sixty-nine years. Mr. Judd, 
who years ago when gardener at A1 thorp and 
subsequently at Hawkstone and Warwick Castle, held 
a high position among the leading practical men of 
the day, was born at Edmonton, Middlesex, where his 
father was gardener to Charles Campbell, Esq., of 
Bury Street. On leaving school he spent six months 
with his father, and then went to Brocket Hall, in 
Hertfordshire, under Mr. Dawson, one of the lights of 
the profession at that time. Between two and three 
years afterwards Mr. Judd went to the Boyal Kitchen 
Garden, Kew, thence successively to Gunnersbury and 
Chiswick House, and in February, 1840, became head 
gardener at Southwell Park, Beds., and stayed there 
for eight years. His next move was to Althorp Park, 
Northampton, where he made his reputation as a fruit 
grower, and where he was specially successful in the 
production of early Grapes. In March 1864, Mr. Judd 
became gardener to the late Lord Hill, at Hawkstone, 
Salop, in succession to the late Mr. Niemann, and 
stayed there about twelve years, when consequent 
upon a reduction in the establishment he left, and 
became gardener to the Earl of Warwick, at Warwick 
Castle. Here he did not make a long stay, and on 
leaving was presented with a testimonial by his many 
friends in the town. From Warwick, Mr. Judd went 
to Brook House, in the Isle of Wight, but had to 
leave there in 1882, on account of failing health. In 
the following January, he became a pensioner on the 
funds of the Gardeners’ Boyal Benevolent Institution. 
- ' r —~ .- 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Crocuses and Snowdrops. — Ada B .—Cut some circular 
patches out of the turf, remove some of the soil if poor, and 
put in some fresh compost. Then plant the bulbs in patches 
of a dozen or so, about 3 ins. below the surface. 
Gladioli.— J. Williams. —You should have the ground 
trenched at least 2 ft. deep at once, working into the soil at 
the same time a thorough good dressing of spent hotbed 
manure, or that of an exhausted Mushroom bed, mixed with 
cow-dung, if you can get it. Leave the surface rough, and 
about the first week in March, if the soil is in good condition 
for working, have it forked over and make your first planting 
in rows, setting the roots 1 ft. apart and about 3 ins. deep. 
Mistleto.— Camoronian. —Wait till February, or even 
March, if you can get fresh berries at that time, then make 
a slit in the bark on the under side of the Apple branch and 
rub in the seed, freshly squeezed from the berry. It is not 
everyone who succeeds in getting Mistleto to grow on their trees, 
simple as the operation appears to be, but Messrs. Richard 
Smith & Co., of Worcester, keep a good stock of young trees 
with Mistleto growing on them, in fact, this is rather a 
speciality of their nursery. 
Large Apples.— J. B. asks which is the largest sort grown 
in this country? Can anyone give a better answer than 
Gloria Mundi ? 
Moss on Lawn. — J.A. R.,Croydon. —If the disposition of the 
ground is such as to allow of a good fall, we should say drain it 
at once to the depth of 3 ft., and in March give it a dressing of 
wood ashes, or if you can get nitrate of soda easier, apply a 
dressing of that at the rate of 100 lbs. to the acre. To facilitate 
its distribution, mix it well beforehand with three or four 
times its bulk of dry earth or sand. 
Plant to Name. — J. A. R., Croydon. —Pleroma macrantha. 
Fruits. — J. Davies. —Urbaniste, a good stewing Pear.— 
P. P .—Bess Pool, a well-known and excellent safe keeping 
Apple, but it is not a good bearer, and should not be planted 
too feeely. 
Worms in Pots. — Charles Owen. —You can destroy the 
small ones and the large ones, too, without injuring the 
plants by watering them with clear lime water. 
Chinese Primulas. — H. II. D. —The flowers sent, though 
of good substance, fair size, and nicely fringed, have nothing 
that is novel in the way of colour to coimuend them, The 
strain is a fair one only, 
Communications Received.—H. A.—AY. S.— R G —AV C 
J. C. & Sons.—S. AV.—H. AV. W— Lady J.—J. AVilson — 
A. V. G.—T. B.—R. & S — 31. C. O.—AV. B. 
Trade Catalogues Received. 
Ireland & Thomson, 20, AVaterloo Place, Edinburgh.— 
Porest Trees, Conifers, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, &e. 
-— —o — 
LONDON SEED TRADE, 
December 10th. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 
39, Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report that 
to-day’s market was well attended,. owing to the 
presence of visitors in town interested in the Cattle 
Show. Clover Seeds continue neglected. White and 
Alsike are cheaper, owing to larger supplies. There 
is no change in value of Bird Seeds or Blue Peas. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET, 
December lltli. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
.... s. d. s. d. I s. d. s. d. 
Apples, Nsievc. 16-40, Kent Filberts and 
— Nova Scotian, per i Cobbs, per 100 lb. 60 0-62 6 
barrel .10 0-13 6 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 4 0-60 
—- Extra samples.20 0- j Pears, French, p. doz. 16-36 
Grapes, per lb. 0 9- 3 0 1 St. Michaels. 7 0-15 0 
VEGETABLES.—AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES. 
s. d. s. d. 
Art ichokes, Globe, per 
dozen . 2 0-40 
Beans, French,per lb. 0 4- 
Beet, per dozen . 2 0- 3 0 
Brussels Sprouts, Jsve.2 6- 3 0 
Cabbages, per dozen 16-20 
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- 
Cauliflo 1 wers, English, 
per dozen ....1.. 3 0-40 
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 6 
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6- 0 S 
Endive, French, per 
dozen . 2 6- 3 6 
Garlic, per lb. 0 6- 
.s. d. s. d. 
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 2- 0 4 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0-40 
Lettuces, Cabbage, 
per dozen . 1 6- 
— Cos, each . o 2- 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10-20 
Onions, per bushel... 2 6-36 
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- 
Radishes, per dozen... 1 6- 
Small salading, per 
punnet. 0 4- 
Spinach, per strike... 2 0- 
Tomatos, per lb. 0 6-1 0 
Turnips, per bunch... 0 6- 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, SOs. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2 0-40 
Azalea, 12 sprays ... 1 0- 1 6 
Bourvardias, per bun. 0 9-10 
Camellias, 12 blooms 2 0-60 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10-20 
Chrysanthemums, 12 
bunches . 4 0-12 0 
Epiphyllums . 0 6-0 
Eucharis, per dozen 4 0- 8 
Gardenias, 12 blms. 9 0-18 
Heliotropes,12 sprays 0 6-1 
Hyacinths, Roman, 
doz. sprays. 10-1 
Lapageria, white, 12 
blooms. 2 0- 3 < 
Lapageria,red,12blms.l 0- 2 i 
Lily of the Valley, 
doz. sprays. 6 0- 8 i 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 4 0- 9 i 
Narciss, Paper White 2 6- 3 i 
s. d. s. d. 
Pelargoniums, per 12 
sprays. 1 0- 2 0 
—scarlet.per 12 sprays 0 6-10 
Pinks, various, 12 
bunches. 
Poinsettia, doz.heads 3 0-90 
Primula, double bun. 10-16 
Primulas,Chinese,him 4 0-6 0 
Pyrethrum, 12 bun. 
Roses, outdoor, 12 
bimches . 
Roses, indoors, p. doz. 2 0-60 
Roses (French), per 
doz. 0 9- 1 G 
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 
Tuberoses, per dozen 2 0- 
Tulips, per doz. 1 0- 1 6 
AYolets, doz. bun. ... 1 0- 1 6 
— French, doz. bun. 16-20 
— Parma, doz. bun... 5 0-70 
AVhite Jasmine, bun. 0 6-10 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, per 
dozen . 6 0-24 0 
Begonias, per dozen 4 0-12 0 
Bouvardias, dozen ... 9 0-18 0 
Chrysanth., dozen ...4 0-6 0 
Cockscombs, dozen 
Cyclamens, doz. 9 0-15 0 
Cyperus, per dozen 3 0-90 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0-60 0 
—■ viridis, per dozen 12 0-24 0 
Epiphyllums, doz. ...18 0-24 0 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0-24 0 
Perns, in var,, dozen 4 0-18 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Ficus elastica, each... 16-70 
Foliage Plants, vari¬ 
ous, each . 2 0-10 0 
Hyacinths, Roman, 
doz.10 0-12 0 
Lilium, various, per 
doz. - 
Marguerites, per doz. 9 0-18 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6-21 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet 
per dozen . 2 0- 6 0 
Petunias, per dozen 
Poinsettia, doz.9 0-15 0 
Solanums, dozen. 9 0-15 0 
CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Amateur Gardeners. 227 
Amateurs’ Garden, the ... 232 
Apple, Golden Spire. 234 
Apples, Exhibition . 227 
,, in Yorkshire . 234 
Ardisia crenulata. 232 
Beans, Haricot. 235 
Birds and Fruit-buds. 234 
Bothy at Ascott, the ( illus¬ 
trated ).. 232 
Celery, AVhite. 237 
Christmas Roses . 229 
Chrysanthemum Notes 
from Somerset . 228 
Chrysanthemum Soeur 
Melanie. 234 
Clapton Nursery, the. 231 
Daffodil, the . 234 
Daphne indica . 236 
Floriculture . 236 
Flower Forms and Floral 
Philosophies . 22S 
Flowers. 234 
Fruits . 234 
Fumigating . 228 
Gardening Miscellany. 22S 
Gooseberry bushes, ou 
PAGE 
Grape trough, Ward’s 
( illustrated) . 237 
Heath and Heather. 237 
Hibiscus syriacus. 232 
Hollyhocks and the dis¬ 
ease. 227 
Horticultural Societies ... 238 
Hydrangea petiolaris . 235 
Judd, the late Air. D. 239 
Orchid Album, the . 236 
Orchid Growers’ Calendar 236 
Orchid Sales . 227 
Pear - tree, an ancient 
( illustrated ) . 229 
Pelargoniums, bedding ... 235 
Phalaenopsis Stuartiana ... 236 
Poinsettia, the . 229 
Potatos at Bingley Hall... 236 
Potatos, dark flesh in. 227 
Potatos, seedling . 235 
Roses, new English. 236 
Roses, Standard .. 230 
Royal Horticultm~.il 
Society. 23S 
Spirsea japonica . 234 
Strawberry Forcing. 230 
A’anda coerulea. 236 
Vegetables .. 235 
