March 28th, 1885. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
469 
simply the result of selection. Another name for the 
dwarf strain is that of Canada Cale. The seeds of 
the Scotch Cale are very distinct from, though they 
resemble both the Cottagers’ and the Hearting Cales. 
Cottagers’ Cale was in all probability a sprout from 
the Tall Scotch; it is very hardy and a most useful 
vegetable. The Asparagus Cale is considered by some 
to be identical with the Buda Cale ; and by others 
with the Couve Tronchuda or Portugal Cabbage. 
The latter is a very delicious vegetable, and not so 
much grown as it deserves to be. The Buda or 
Delaware Cale is a tall-growing variety, producing a 
large number of sprouts in early spring. Chou de 
Milan, Jerusalem, Prussian, and Siberian Cales 
appear to be one and the same; but they are 
differently classified by some wholesale-houses than 
by others. 
The simple Curled Cale appears to be a selection 
from the Tall Scotch; and the Hearting Cale, a 
variety that produces a cluster of hearts at the top 
of the stalk, appears also to be a selection from the 
Tall Scotch. Then there is the deep-cut-leaved Cale, 
known as Bagged Jack, also a very profitable garden 
vegetable. All these strong-growing Cales require 
of the easiest culture and will be found to grow as 
readily in town as in suburban districts. 
Nemophila insignis. —This well-known annual 
probably claims the first place from its beautiful blue 
colour and dwarf growth, but unfortunately its period 
of blooming is of short duration, not exceeding a 
month, and where it is sown in a bed, Asters, Stocks, 
or Dwarf French Marigolds should be pricked out over 
the bed to succeed later on. 
The Candytufts have of late years received some 
useful additions, the Tom Thumb sections being 
specially adapted for small beds, their carmine and 
white colours forming an excellent combination, or 
can be used separately, while the old white, lilac, 
purple and crimson, growing to about a foot in height, 
are well-known favourites. The Candytufts, like 
Nemophilas, require a succession of later blooming 
sorts to take their places when past their best. 
Of Godetias the effect of hybridization has pro¬ 
duced a grand race with far nobler flowers and grander 
colours than the older kinds. Godetia Bijou, intro¬ 
duced last season, from its very dwarf cushion-like 
habit is well adapted for small beds. Its colour is 
white, with a bright rose spot upon each petal. 
various shades of rose and purple. As soon as past 
their best, provision should be made for them to be 
superseded by the introduction of later blooming 
subjects. 
Silenes have become very popular of late years for 
small beds, and where the winters are not too severe, 
if sown in autumn they form a fine early bed of com¬ 
pact pink and white flowers. Sown now they come 
into flower in June, and continue a long time in 
perfection. Silene compacta, pink; Alba, white; 
and Zulu King, crimson, are the best. 
Schizanthus. —The genus Schizanthus, although 
seldom seen, affords admirable bedding plants. The 
very long time it continues in beauty, and the graceful 
habit of all the pinnatus varieties, compact in growth, 
and covered with flowers, rose and white predomi¬ 
nating, would, if better known, render it more 
popular. In the modern introduction of the New 
Tom Thumb, we have an acquisition for the smallest 
beds and edgings. 
Eschscholtzia. —For a golden yellow with its inter¬ 
mediate shades of sulphur and orange, nothing better 
can be desired than the varieties now in commerce of 
Eschscholtzia californica, and notably the Mandarin. 
ESCHSCHOLTZIA MANDARIN. 
deeply-trenched and well-manured ground ; they make 
an exhausting crop, but yield a large supply of Greens. 
The Coleworts are more properly classed with the 
Cabbages, because they heart. They are of dwarf 
growth, and are planted out thickly together in 
autumn and are potted for bunching. The Bosette 
Colewort is a selection from the Old Green type. 
Quo. 
ANNUALS FOR MASSING. 
The importance of obtaining a good floral display 
in the beds and borders during the summer months is 
a desideratum that cannot be overlooked, and now is 
the time when arrangements should be decided upon 
to effect this. There is no doubt that in many of our 
best establishments the system of relying entirely 
upon hardy bedding-plants is becoming obsolete, the 
fickleness of the English climate, and the ever varying 
character of our English summers having had much 
to do with this, many of the so-called bedding-plants 
frequently making very indifferent displays, while in 
some localities many cannot be grown at all. Many of 
our most popular annuals are admirably adapted for 
bedding purposes, coming quickly into bloom and 
continuing a long time in perfection. Of these, I 
purpose to enumerate a few which experience has 
taught me are adapted for this purpose, and which are 
Godetia Lady Albemarle has immense satiny-crimson 
blossoms (see illustration, for which we are indebted 
to Messrs. Carter & Co.), and Princess of Wales, deep 
red, while Duchess of Albany, pure white, received 
Certificates of Merit at the hands of both the Boyal Hor¬ 
ticultural and Botanic Societies in 1882. All of these 
produce a grand mass of bloom, and if not allowed to 
seed, will keep up their floriferousness for a long period. 
The Clarkias also have received the attention of 
specialists, and some useful improvements have been 
introduced, giving us a dwarf and a tall section, and 
double and single flowers. The Pulchella type is 
probably the best for massing, being more compact 
and free-flowering. The Integripetala section of the 
Pulchella type is preferable to the old Maltese cross¬ 
shaped flowers of the original species, and some of 
these are really brilliant in colour and very handsome 
in shape. Among the best are Integripetala flora plena, 
rose, with double flowers ; Marginata, rose and white ; 
Alba, white ; Alba flora plena, double white. In the 
dwarf section, 6 ins. high, both pink and white 
varieties of Pulchella nana can be obtained. Not 
allowing them to seed, the blooming period can be 
considerably prolonged. 
Collinsias are old but favourite and easily-grown 
dwarf annuals, the bicolor section growing almost 
anywhere. They come quickly into bloom, and form 
a rich mass of various-coloured flowers from white to 
The Saponarias need only to be grown once to 
secure favour. Compact as a mass in themselves, 
insignificant in their individnal blooms, but most 
beautiful when presenting their thousands of tiny 
blooms upon a square yard, nothing equals them for 
small beds or edgings, or tufts upon rock-work, 
blooming as they do till frost cuts them down. 
I have by no means exhausted the list that might 
be given, but in the above the amateur readers of The 
Gardening World will find material to render their 
gardens gay during summer, without depending 
exclusively, as is too often the case, upon Calceolarias, 
Lobelias, and Scarlet Geraniums.— J. Knight, Bilston. 
- C_ j ■ — 
VIOLETS. 
The Violet is an universal favourite, and to obtain 
the best results in its cultivation, it is necessary to 
make new plantations every year, and for doing this 
there is no time so suitable as the month of April. 
The first consideration in Violet culture is to secure a 
suitable position in which to plant them, a position 
where they will receive some sun, but not too fierce, 
say an east or west aspect, or a north one for some of 
the plants. I would strongly advise that several sites 
be chosen for planting them, as so much depends upon 
the nature of the season as to results. The several 
positions having been chosen, proceed to give the 
