518 
THE GARDENING- WORLD. 
April 18th, 1885. 
Mr. Pickstone lays no claim to having raised the 
Sir Watkin Daffodil from seed. He states that he 
found it growing in a garden he became possessed of 
in a mining district in Merionethshire about seventeen 
years ago. How it got there he does not know. He 
found it there, recognized its beauty, and kept it to 
himself until he had a very large stock, and he 
deserved the profit he gained by its sale. It is thus 
clear that we really know nothing of its origin, and 
it is likely enough that it may be found elsewhere 
if search is made for it . — William Brockbank, Brock- 
lmrst, Didsbury, April 7th, in Manchester City News. 
HARDY FLOWERING TREES AND 
SHRUBS. 
The large number of varied and beautiful flowering 
shrubs which have from time to time been introduced 
into this country, and which have proved to be 
hardy enough to withstand all but our most excep¬ 
tionally severe winters, have rendered this class of 
shrubs a rich store to select from. And when we 
consider the many pleasing features they may be 
made to give, when judiciously used for the adorn¬ 
ment of the pleasure grounds, it is a matter of 
surprise that they are not more generally planted 
in preference to such large quantities of Laurels, 
Hollies, and Box, which are apt to look monotonous, 
as they present so little change in their appearance 
throughout the year. 
By making a free use of flowering trees and shrubs, 
our lawns and shrubberies may be made to look 
attractive at all times; and as each month comes 
round some gorgeous or sweet-scented blossoms will 
enliven and beautify their surroundings, from the 
bright and pretty Daphne Eortunei and D. Mezereum, 
which unfold their blossoms in the early spring 
months, to the Chimonanthus grandiflorus, which 
opens its pale yellow flowers in the depth of winter. 
The months of April, May, and June are the natural 
flowering months of so many shrubs, that our gardens 
may at that season be made resplendent with scenes 
of floral beauty, which are all the more enhanced 
by the fresh and varied tints of the tender green 
leaves, before the heat of summer has robbed them 
of then- pristine beauty. 
What can be more beautiful than the gorgeous 
shining masses and varied colours of Rhododendrons 
when in flower, or the lovely and almost endless 
tints of the numerous varieties of Azaleas pontica 
and Mollis, when they are grouped in bold masses, 
or mingled among the greenery of lawns and 
shrubberies ? I have often gazed with admiration 
on such delightful scenes, and if ever it should fall 
to my lot to form and plant pleasure grounds, if 
possible these two shrubs will be liberally used. 
I have for several years made a note of the best 
varieties of flowering shrubs that have come under 
my notice, and I append the list that is the result 
of those notes, not as being a complete one, for I 
mention only those that I am well acquainted 
with, and all of which I think are both useful and 
beautiful. 
Arbutus IJnedo (Strawberry tree), white, October. 
Azaleas: There are two classes of deciduous 
Azaleas ; those with the smaller flowers are varieties 
of A. pontica, and the larger ones are varieties of 
A. Mollis, and of more recent introduction. There 
are a great number of varieties of many shades of 
colour, the names and colours of which can be found 
described in the catalogues of most of the leading 
nurserymen. 
Amygdalus (Almond) sibirica, pink, April. 
Berberis Aquifolium, yellow, April, evergreen; B. 
Darwinii, dwarf habit, orange, May, evergreen; 
B. dulcis, yellow, April; B. stenophylla, yellow, May. 
Calycanthus floridus (Allspice), brown, June, 
deciduous. 
Cerasus (Cherry) domestica flore-pleno, deciduous. 
Chimonanthus grandiflorus, yellow, December, 
deciduous. 
Cydonia japonica, scarlet, evergreen. 
Daphne Fortunei, lilac, February, deciduous; D. 
Mezereum, pink, March, deciduous; D. laureola 
(Spurge Laurel), green, April, evergreen. 
Deutzia crenata flore-pleno, white, May, deciduous ; 
D. gracilis, white, April, deciduous ; D. scabra, white, 
May, deciduous. 
Forsythia suspensa, yellow, April, deciduous. 
Guelder Rose (Viburnum Opulus), May, deciduous. 
Hibiscus syriacus purpureusplenus, purple, August; 
H. syriacus variegatus (variegated flowered), August. 
Hydrangea hortensis, pink, summer months, de¬ 
ciduous ; H. paniculata grandifiora, white, summer 
months, deciduous. These require a sheltered position, 
and should have a few inches of leaf-soil placed over 
the stools during the winter, and if the winter is 
severe enough to kill the branches down to the 
ground, they will send up young shoots in spring 
which will flower late in the summer. 
Hypericum calycinum, yellow, evergreen. 
Kalmia rosea, June, evergreen. 
Laurestinus (Viburnum tinus), white, winter months, 
evergreen. 
Laburnum (Cytisus Laburnum), yellow, May, de¬ 
ciduous. 
Syringa (Lilac) persica, May, deciduous ; S. 
vulgaris, May, deciduous; S. alba major, white, 
May, deciduous. 
Magnolia conspicua, white, March, deciduous; M. 
grandifiora, July, evergreen. 
Ribes sanguineum, red, April, deciduous. 
Spartium (Broom) multiflorum, white; S. scoparium, 
yellow. 
Spira?a ariajfolia, white, June, deciduous; S. 
sorbifolia, cream, August, deciduous ; S. Douglasii, 
rose, August, deciduous. 
Ulex europams flore-pleno, May. 
Weigela rosea, April, deciduous. 
II. Dunkin. 
FRUITS, FLOWERS, AND 
CIVILIZATION. 
In a lecture recently delivered before the Penn¬ 
sylvania State Horticultural Association on the 
subject of “Fruits and Flowers in Connection with 
the Progress of Civilization,” Professor Meehan 
lauded the high civilization of the nineteenth century 
—a civilization which comes of a careful regard for 
the good of others, and said :—“ The earlier civiliza¬ 
tion was of a different sort. Now the chief aim of 
civilization seems to be to promote the well-being of 
others, and in no line of occupation is so much con¬ 
tributed to this civilization as in that of horticulture 
—a love for and cultivation of the beautiful. A 
striking illustration of a beautiful character of this 
kind was found in the life of the late Charles 
Downing, whose death we so keenly mourn. He 
was the embodiment of all that is good and noble 
in man, and his horticultural pursuits undoubtedly 
had a moulding influence in the formation of his 
character. A love of flowers begets a love for 
humanity—and to love humanity and to look to its 
highest, noblest, development, is civilization. 
“ The Quince maybe instanced as an illustration of 
how closely allied the fruits are with the history of 
man. The very name—or at least the Latin name— 
of Quince, shows where it originated. We often hear 
of marmalade in connection with fruits, and it really 
is a part of the history of the Quince. Marmalade 
was first made at Marmelon, in Spain, and has given 
its name to preserves of other fruits for preserve; 
hence it originally meant, as applied to the Quince, 
Quince preserve. The Cherry is an evidence of 
civilization, and wherever it is seen you will find 
civilization. Among the ancients the fruits and 
flowers formed a conspicuous part of the people’s 
history. Flowers were used among the Greeks and 
Romans to crown the conquerors. The Carnation, 
originally grown in England, was used for the 
purpose just mentioned - making garlands for heroes, 
and hence its name Dianthus. Many flowers would 
never have been traced to their origin had it not been 
for literature. We find, by tracing the literature of 
various nations, the origin of many plants and flowers, 
by discovering the uses to which they were put. In 
the matter of Corn, it is well known that grains of it 
were found in Indian mounds. 
“ The Grape seems to have been a native of Asia, 
and native Grapes are found in Japan and China that 
are very similar to our wild Grapes. In the study of 
the Grape, therefore, we might have a clue to the 
history of the Indian. There are forms of vegetable 
growth which follow man without any apparent 
reason, and the lecturer had read of a botanist who 
claimed that he could tell the nationality of a man by 
the weeds which surrounded him. To go more closely 
into this study—to show more clearly how closely 
civilization is connected with the development of 
fruits and flowers, he would call attention to the 
efforts that are made by those in barren or semi- 
barbarous regions to induce people to settle there. 
Gold or silver mines, indeed any of the minerals of 
the earth, may attract settlers in the regions where the 
minerals are found; but the attraction of fruit and 
flower culture will take the miner from his mine, and 
this will eventually bring about the civilization of 
that region. Look at Florida: how many thousands 
have been lured there to cultivate Oranges, and with 
that cultivation came civilization. How much horti¬ 
culturists have suffered in introducing one plant from 
one region to another, and yet all these sacrifices 
were made for the good of humanity. How much 
will often depend on the chance introduction of a 
single plant! Take the history of the cotton plant in 
this country ; human slavery, the chief industry of 
the South, a fratricidal war, and the final emancipation 
of the slaves, all resulted from the introduction 'of a 
cotton plant at Jamestown about two hundred years 
ago. 
“ The elevating and beneficial influence of flowers 
finds an exemplification in the kind offices of those 
who belong to the Flower Missions of the large cities 
—taking flowers to the hospitals and to the sick and 
suffering poor generally of the city. Pass an humble 
home, with its windows decked with flowers, and you 
at once feel that, though poor, the inmates of that 
dwelling are not without virtue. Gifts of flowers to 
the very poor would prove a better investment than 
giving them money, for the refining, elevating 
influence of the flowers would make better citizens of 
them by teaching them lessons of industry and thrift. 
The lecturer related his experience among the 
Indians, even in far-away Alaska. He remembered 
how he and his company had been warned not to go 
too far among a certain tribe, and there he found 
Captain Crittenden, of Kentucky, who had been in 
the rebel service, and had vowed that he would rather 
live among the Indians than among civilized people 
after the defeat of the cause for which he had fought. 
There, among those dangerous Indians, on whose 
grounds the travellers had been warned not to 
encroach too closely, lived Captain Crittenden. He 
had a garden which he cultivated, and he told the 
lecturer that he gave the Indians vegetables and 
flowers and flower seeds, and the poor untutored 
fellows had learned to love him, and some of them at 
least had learned to grow flowers and vegetables. 
From savages they were transformed to peaceable, 
kindly neighbours. The lesson was one that ought 
not to be lost on us.” 
PROPAGATING' CARNATIONS. 
I thank Mr. Jenkins (p. 485) for his ready assistance 
in finding a solution for the cause of “ An Amateur's ” 
cuttings dying off. It is quite possible that the length 
of the cutting may have had something to do with 
his non-success, especially if he took such cuttings 
as the one given in the illustration (p. 485) as a 
representative of a 2-in. cutting, which in reality 
is nothing more than a germ or bud, for divest it 
of its leaves and the cutting would not be a I-in. hi 
length. The flattened leaves of a cutting such as the 
small one represented, would, if left on the parent 
plant, reflex or spread, and the heart of the cutting 
would lengthen, the leaves now taking an outward 
direction instead of being erect, so that the measure 
should be taken from the heait of the cutting to the 
heel. It will be seen that such cuttings as I recom¬ 
mended would be much older than the small one 
illustrated. 
Cuttings of different varieties differ so much that 
no one illustration would be applicable to all. Take, 
for instance, Fairy Queen and La Belle, there are 
ten joints to one, where there are but two to the other, 
and the cuttings differ in appearance and somewhat 
in length accordingly. I did not expect that any 
one would measure the length of the leaf in with 
the cutting, any more than they would those of a 
Dracaena, for in that case, instead of a cutting being 
from 4 ins. to 6 ins. long, it might be reckoned 12 ins. 
to 18 ins. Has Mr. Jenkins allowed anything for the 
drawing or lengthening of his cutting now rooted, 
