526 
April 18th, 1885. 
Thrips. —For destroying these, a somewhat similar 
process is generally adopted, but when many plants 
in one house are affected, and fumigation be resorted 
to, it is necessary that the application should be 
repeated on two or three alternate nights to be really 
effective. When Indian Azaleas have to be grown in 
vineries, black and yellow thrips are almost sure to be 
present, if the utmost care is not taken in thoroughly 
cleaning the plants before taking them in, and also at¬ 
tending to them at intervals of three weeks or a month 
and for that purpose we mis up some tobacco-water 
the same as for green-fly, except that to each gallon 
of tobacco-water we add 2 ozs. of soft soap, and stir 
it well together, then syringe it over the plants, 
especially on the under sides of the leaves. This 
mixture should be left to dry on, so as to make it the 
more distasteful to the pest. 
When thrips affect Vines it should be sponged ofi on 
its first appearance, for, like red-spider, if allowed to 
go on without any stop being put to it, it will spread 
over the whole of the house, and spoil the foliage. In 
this ease it will not only affect the current year’s crop, 
but will seriously debilitate the vines for another 
year. If this insect should gain such a footing as 
to make it next to impossible to sponge the leaves, 
fumigation with tobacco must be resort' 111 ^, though 
we cannot say that we like fumm ses of 
Grapes, and in all cases consider® to the hasten is 
better than' cure. In such castfif success lying i 
should be frequent and mild, and eifeHSlL and 
a fortnight or so, to make sure that the enemy is 
thoroughly subdued.— C. Warden. 
(To be continued.) 
-- -i■ - - =S> 
SUNLIGHT AND VEGETATION. 
Temperature is the most important factor in 
determining the flora of a country ; nevertheless, two 
places with very similar soil and the same mean 
temperature may not be equally able to grow the 
same plants. For example, Vine cultivation does not 
succeed in the south of England, although it is 
perfectly successful at Liege, in Belgium, where the 
mean temperature of the ripening month—September 
—is nearly the same as in the south of England. 
So also Corn can be grown at Alten, in Norway, but 
not at Beikavik, in Iceland, although the mean 
summer temperature of these localities is about equal. 
The difference is attributed to the greater prevalence 
of rain and cloudy skies in England and Iceland than 
in Belgium and Norway. Abundant sunlight during 
the season of ripening enables crops to be raised in 
high latitudes which totally fail in districts much 
nearer the equator, but which have a less fortunate 
distribution of sunshine. The vegetation of the 
tropics has a decided advantage over that of 
temperate and Arctic regions in the uniformly high 
temperature which is there maintained throughout 
the year. 
In the matter of sunlight, however, high latitudes 
have during the season of vegetable growth an 
advantage over the tropics; for, while in the latter 
light and darkness fairly divide the day, in the former 
the sun for some months never descends below the 
horizon. Its rays, however, in Arctic regions strike 
the earth at a very low angle, and consequently they 
have not the great heating effect of the vertical rays 
of a mid-day sun in the tropics. Nevertheless, under 
their influence the long summer days in Arctic 
countries are often very hot. Richardson, for example, 
in his “ Search Expedition ” states that he had never 
felt the heat within the tropics so oppressive as he 
experienced it on some occasions in Arctic regions. 
Middendorff, in 74 degs. 30 mins. N. lat., on an 
August day, found the heat sufficient not only to 
melt the pitch on his boat, but to cause it to flow. 
The diffence of temperature in the shade and in the 
sun’s rays is very marked in high latitudes; thus 
a series of observations lately taken at a Russian 
station in 60 degs. N. lat. showed an average difference 
of about 70 degs. Fahr. Under the genial influence of 
prolonged sunlight, vegetation in sheltered localities 
within the Arctic Circle thrives amazingly. Thus 
Parry, when on "Walden Island in 80 degs. 30 mins. N. 
lat., found scurvy grass growing more luxuriantly 
than he had ever seen it before. It was pointed out 
by M. Buysman in Nature (February 5th) that in 
Novaya Zemlya the vegetation exposed to the sun’s 
rays at the foot of mountains is “ like an Arcitc 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
flower garden, the surface of the soil not being 
covered with grass, as is the case in the temperate 
regions.” The flowers, he adds, “ are here of a much 
greater size than the leaves.” 
The heat of the sun’s rays in high latitudes is 
powerless, however, to penetrate far beneath the 
surface ; thus Middendorff, in the beginning of August, 
under 74 degs. 30 mins. N. lat., found the surface of 
the soil exposed to the sun’s rays heated to 86 degs. 
F., while four inches below it was only 39 degs., and 
at the depth of a foot the ground was permanently 
frozen. Plant life, however, neither dies nor lies 
altogether dormant because its roots may be frozen. 
The same Arctic traveller once came upon a Rhodo¬ 
dendron in flower, although, on examination, its roots 
and even its stem were found to be frozen hard in the 
LONDON SEED TRADE, 
April loth, 18S5. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndscliteh, and 
39, New Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a brisk 
demand for Clovers and other agricultural seeds, with 
no change in values. The supplies of Red Clover, both 
English and foreign, continue plentiful, and at present 
prices should be worth holding over. White and 
Alsike firm. Rye Grasses in good demand, also 
Natural Grasses for permanent pastures at previous 
quotations. Linseed and Hemp dearer. Rape and 
Mustard in fair demand, value unchanged, 
—— 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET, 
soil. He made a still more interesting discovery 
when, on crossing the snow during intense frost in 
69 degs. 30 mins. N. lat., he saw a Willow Catkin 
peeping about an inch out of it. The Catkin, accord¬ 
ing to M. Buysman, “ was wholly developed, yet the 
branch on which it was observed was, one or two 
inches down, solidly frozen.” In the midst of intense 
frost the direct sunlight had thawed into life this tip 
of a branch. 
The effect of uninterrupted sunlight has been studied 
under less severe conditions in Scandinavia by 
Professor Schubeler, of Christiania. He finds that 
the further north we go in the “ land of the midnight 
sun,” the colour in flowers and fruits becomes more 
intense. Norwegian Wheat, for example, is of a 
yellow-brown tint; and when Wheat imported from 
Bessarabia and Ohio was planted in Norway, it -was 
found that the grain so raised became every year of a 
darker colour, until it became indistinguishable in this 
respect from native samples. The same colour change 
was observed also with Peas, Beans, and other garden 
vegetables. The common garden flowers of Central 
Europe, after having been acclimatized in Norway, 
invariably showed larger and more highly-coloured 
flowers. In certain cases the growing intensity of 
colour could be traced as the iflant extended north¬ 
ward, in one instance the change being from a pale to 
a dark blue, in another from white to rose-pink. In 
the Alpine flora a similar difference has been observed, 
the flow 7 ers being larger and more brilliantly tinted 
than similar ones growing in the plains beneath. 
— Scotsman. 
- c?_» - 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Boweia apricana.— Amateur. —We are under the impres¬ 
sion that the plant you bought under this name is the same 
as Boweia volubilis, a greenhouse twining plant with small 
asparagus-like foliage, and greenish-white flowers. It comes 
from South Africa, and is interesting from a botanical point of 
view, but of neither use nor ornament in a garden. Pot it in 
fibrous sandy peat, a nd put it on a warm shelf in the green 
house, and be careful not to over water it. Your dictionary 
will tell you what “incipient” means. 
Epidendrum macrochilum roseum.— A . E . A . —Keep 
it on the shield, but put it in the Cattleya-house, near to the 
glass, and give it plenty of water while growing. 
Potatos Chancellor and Prime Minister.— H. T — 
We forwarded your note to Mr. Dean, who writes as follows : 
‘‘ That there is in relation to the parentage of Chancellor Potato 
an apparent discrepancy there can be no doubt, but it is only 
apparent after all in one respect. Advance was the original 
seed parent, and when sent out was pronounced to be distinct. 
After two years’growth, however, Mr. Dean found that it was so 
like King of Potatos that he was obliged to withdraw the name 
and adhere to the older one, hence the apparent confusion. 
Really King of Potatos is the pollen parent of Chancellor, 
although as shown this variety was, when employed, known 
under the name of Advance. No doubt it was a seedling from 
King of Potatos, and a mere reproduction of its parent. 
Magnum Bonum, and not Woodstock Kidney, was the seed 
parent of Chancellor, and Mr. Dean is obliged to ‘ II. T.’ for 
drawing Iris attention to the mistake in the Potato list, 
which will be corrected another year. As to Prime Minister, 
‘ II. T.’ can easily satisfy himself if he chooses to obtain stock 
and grow it, how far it may prove disease-resisting or other¬ 
wise.” Mr. Dean has given his own experience of it at 
Bedfont, and he so far is the largest grower of it. As to the 
question of who is the raiser, that is a private or business 
matter which really cannot concern “ H. T.” or the public. In 
a business sense both the persons he names claim to be the 
raisers, and both are. 
Partridge-breasted Aloe, &c —J. G. G— Yes. You 
cannot do better than treat them the same as the others. 
Communications Received.— W. B.—AY. D. M.—P. W. B. 
-J. M—T. G.-A. P. L.-J. E. S.—E. D.-J. K.-C. A.— 
E. B.-AV. B. G.—W. J. K. 
—— 
Trade Catalogues Received. 
James Cocker & Sons, Sunnypark, Aberdeen.—SprinS 
Catalogue of Plorists’ Plowers. 
Dutry-Colson, Ghent, Belgium,—Illustrated Catalogue of 
Horticultural Appliances. 
April 16th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. cl. s. d. | s. d. s. d. 
Apples, I-sieve. 2 6- G 0 Kent Filberts and 
— Nova Scotian, per I Cobbs, per 1001b. 55 0- 
barrel .15 0-21 0 St, Michaels. 3 0-80 
Grapes, per lb. 5 0-10 0, Strawberries, per lb. 1 0-lu 0 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 1 0- 2 0 ] 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Artichokes, Globe,per 
dozen . 2 0- 4 0 
Asparagus, English, 
per bundle .10 0 
Beans, French,per lb. - 2 G 
Beet, per dozen . 2 0- 3 0 
Brussels Sprouts,p. lb.O 4- 
Cabbages,Spring,doz. 1 G- 2 0 
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- 
Cauliflowers,English, 
per dozen . 4 0- 6 0 
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 6 
Cucumbers, each ...0 6-10 
Endive, French, per 
dozen . 2 6- 3 6 
s. d. s. d. 
Garlic, per lb. 0 G- 
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 2- 0 4 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0-50 
Lettuces, Cabbage, 
per dozen . 2 0- 
— Cos, each . 0 6- 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10-20 
Onions, per bushel... 5 0- 
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- 
Radislies, per dozen... 1 6- 
Small salading, per 
punnet. 0 1- 
Spinach, per strike... 2 0- 
Tomatos, per lb. 
Turnips, per bunch... 0 G- 
7 G 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, SOs. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2 0-40 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3 0-60 
Azalea, 12 sprays ... 0 6- 1 0 
Bourvardias, per bun. 1 0-16 
Camellias, 12 blooms 10-30 
Carnations, 12 blooms 1 G- 3 0 
Chrysanthemums, 12 
bunches . 
— large, 12 blooms ... 
Cyclamen,doz.blooms 0 3-0 6 
Cmeraria, per bimeh 0 6-10 
Epiphyllums,12 blms. 
Eueharis, per dozen 3 0-60 
Gardenias, 12 blms. 2 0-40 
Heliotropes,12 sprays 0 6-10 
Hyacinths, Roman, 
doz. sprays. 0 G- 0 9 
Lapageria, white, 12 
blooms. 2 0-30 
Lapageria,red, 12blms.l 0-2 0 
Lily of the Valley, 
doz. sprays.0 9-16 
s. d. s. d. 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 4 0-60 
Narciss, various, 
French, doz. bun. 3 0-60 
Pelargoniums, per 12 
sprays. 0 9- 1 0 
—scarlet.per 12 sprays 0 G- 0 9 
Pinks, various, 12 
bunches . 
Primula, double bim. 10-16 
Primulas,Chinese,bun. - 
Pyrethrum, 12 bim. 
Roses (coloured). 2 0- 6 0 
Roses, indoors, p. doz. 10-30 
Roses (French), per 
doz. 0 6-09 
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4 0-80 
Tuberoses, per dozen 16-20 
Tulips, per doz.0 0-08 
Violets, doz. bun. ... 0 4-09 
— French, per. bim. 
— Parma, per. bim... 3 0-46 
White Jasmine, him. 0 6-10 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, per 
dozen . 6 0-21 0 
Arum Lilies, per doz. 9 0-18 0 
Azalea, per doz.IS 0^12 0. 
Begonias, per dozen 4 0-12 0 
Bouvardias, dozen ... 9 0-1S 0 
Cineraria, per dozen 0 0-12 0 
Cockscombs, dozen 
Cyclamens, doz. 9 0-18 0 
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 0 
Deutzia, per dozen ... 4 0-90 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0-60 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0-24 0 
Epiphyllums, doz. ... 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0-24 0 
Eerns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Pious elastiea, each... 16-70 
Foliage Plants, vari¬ 
ous, each . 2 0-10 0 
Genista, per dozen 9 0-15 0 
Hyacinths, doz. 6 0-90 
Hvdrangea, per doz. 12 0-21 0 
Lilium, various, per 
doz. 
Marguerites, per doz. 9 0-18 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6-21 0 
Pelargonium,per doz. 9 0-21 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet 
per dozen . 4 0- 6 0 
Petunias, per dozen 
Poinsettia, doz. 
Rhodanthe, per doz. 6 0-12 0 
Spiraea, per dozen ...12 0-18 0 
CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Amateurs’ Garden, the ... 520 
Andersonias . 515 
Apples, late. 522 
Auricula Show, the. 515 
Azaleas, new Indian . 522 
Cabbage, Ellam’s Early 
Dwarf . 323 
Camellia, a good new 
(illustrated) . 520 
Carnations, Propagating 518 
Cauliflowers without heat, 
early . 523 
Chrysanthemums and 
their Culture . 524 
Daffodil Sir Watkin . 517 
Dahlias, concerning. 524 
Epiphyllum Russelli- 
anum Gaertneri. 322 
Floriculture. 524 
Forcing Odontoglossums 524 
Fritillarias, the. 517 
Fruit Culture under Glass 522 
Fruits, Flowers, and 
Civilization. 518 
Gardening in Australia ... 516 
Gardening Miscellany. 516 
Gardening Patents!. 519 
Gardens of Solomon, the 521 
Horticultural Societies ... 525 
Insects, on destroying.525 
TAGS 
Kitchen Gardener’s 
Calendar . 523 
Liabilities of Seedsmen ... 519 
Lily and Orchid Nursery, a 516 
Lily of the Valley, forcing 522 
Marica gracilis . 522 
Mignonette “ Snowball ” 523 
National Auricula Society 521 
Orchid Growers’ Calendar 524 
Orchids at South Kensing¬ 
ton . 521 
OrchidHousesatNew Hall 
Hey, Rawtenstall, the... 524 
Popular Plant Growing ... 520 
Potatos, planting . 123 
Primroses, double .517 
Rhubarb, good varieties of 523 
RoyalHorticulturalSociety 523 
Seed Trade Statistics . 515 
Seasonable Work in the 
Plant-houses .522 
Siebold’s Japan Primrose 523 
SpiraeaAruncus astilboides 523 
Strawberry Tile and Snail 
Trap ( illustrated ) . 519 
Trees and Shrubs. 513 
Vine Border, making a ... 519 
Walkloy Amateur Floral 
and Horticultural Society 528 
Wallflowers. 515 
