July 4th, 1885. 
697 
these plants properly is to stand them out-of-doors 
after flowering in a position where the sun will shine 
on them for only half the day, and to gradually reduce 
the supply of water until the foliage dies off. In 
September repot them and plunge the pots in ashes 
until winter approaches, when they should be put on 
a shelf near the glass in a cool greenhouse .—A 
Gardener. 
-e^=F&<>-S^=9— 
EDWARD TIDSWELL. 
In January last we had the pleasure of presenting 
our readers with what by common consent was 
regarded as an admirable portrait of the Father of the 
Gardeners’ Koval Benevolent Institution—Mr. John 
Lee. To-day we are equally gratified in being able 
to include among our illustrations an equally satis¬ 
factory likeness of the highly esteemed Treasurer of 
the Institution, Mr. Edward Tidswell, who, before this 
number reaches all our readers, will have presided, 
and we doubt not most worthily, at its forty-second 
anniversary festival. Mr. Tids¬ 
well, who was born some fifty- 
two years ago, entered the 
house of which he is now a 
partner (that of Messrs. Bollen 
& Tidswell, 3, Wood Street, 
Cheapside), in the year 1847, 
when about fourteen years of 
age. He commenced his busi¬ 
ness career as town traveller, 
and in due time was sent to 
represent the firm in the pro¬ 
vinces, first in the west of 
England, and ultimately in 
Manchester, Liverpool, and 
other northern towns. Step 
by step Mr. Tidswell, with 
energy and rare business ca¬ 
pacity, won his way to the front, 
and on the retirement of Mr. 
Frederick Bollen in 1858, the 
business merged into the hands 
of the present partners, Mr. 
Henry Bollen and the subject 
of this brief note, under whose 
more immediate management 
it is gratifying to know the 
business has grown and pros¬ 
pered. 
Mr. Tidswell, who greatly 
enjoys the pleasures of horti¬ 
culture, and maintains an 
admirable gardening establish¬ 
ment at West Hatch, on the 
borders of Epping Forest, first 
became connected with the 
Gardeners’ Royal Benevolent 
Institution in 1864, and since 
that time has been one of 
its most generous supporters. 
In February 1883, on the death of Mr. Robert Wrench, 
who had been treasurer of the institution for thirty- 
four years, Mr. Tidswell was unanimously elected to 
the office, and of the wisdom of the choice we need 
say nothing, for that Mr. Tidswell is the right man 
in the right place, none now deny, and we trust 
that for many years to come the institution may 
enjoy the great advantage of the rare business 
qualities which he brings to bear on the conduct of its 
affairs. 
-— p —- 
Diplopappus chrysophyllus. —This plant, which is 
of Heath-like habit, and is seldom seen in private 
collections, would make a useful subject for grouping 
in beds. Many dwarf-habited plants lose their entire 
effect through being dotted among massive shrubs of 
a similar tinge of colour, whereby their presence is 
hardly ever noticed except by those who have a keen 
eye for distinguishing shades of colour. Planted in 
groups they not only give variety, but they often give 
distinct tone and character to arrangements, and 
break the sameness of two or more classes of plants 
that are nearly allied to each other in formation of 
leaf and colour. The plant above-mentioned is neat 
in habit, perfectly hardy, and has a bright golden 
tinge at the extremities of the shoots which renders it 
very attractive. It has a small flower truss not unlike 
the Eupatorium, but unlike many showy plants at a 
distance, the nearer you come to it the better you like 
it.—0. C. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
THE APPLE AND ITS HISTORY. 
The cultivated Apple can lay claim to a great 
antiquity, and it seems to have been scarce at Rome 
in the time of Pliny, for he states there were some 
Apple trees in the villages near Rome which yielded 
more profit than a small farm, and he mentions 
nine-and-twenty kinds of Apples as being cultivated 
in Italy. The trees at this early time seem to have 
required the fostering care of man. Of all the fruit¬ 
bearing trees in Italy, Pliny says the Apple is the 
tenderest and least able to bear heat or cold—particu¬ 
larly the early one that produces the sweet Jeneting. 
In our lists of cultivated Apples of the present day, 
appears one named Joannetting or Juneating, un¬ 
doubtedly one of the oldest of Apples, but whether it 
is the Jeneting of a more remote period is doubtful. 
Of late years there has been a great quantity of 
new sorts of Apples added to the list of varieties, but 
they have not all proved improvements, for, as a 
modern writer remarks, “ Some of our oldest Apples 
are the best, such as the Nonpariel, the Golden 
EDWARD TIDSWELL. 
(Treasurer of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution.) 
Reinette, Ribston and Golden Pippins : they have been 
in our gardens for centuries. Pippin Apples were 
first introduced into England and planted in Plum- 
stead, in Sussex, by Leonard Maschal, in the reign 
of King Henry VIII. The Nonpariel, according to 
Gerarde, who published his account of Apples in the 
reign of Queen Mary, was brought from France in the 
time of Elizabeth, and first planted in the gardens 
of Oxfordshire. The Golden Pippin is considered 
the native growth of England, and is said to have 
been first reared at Parham Park, in Sussex. Cathe¬ 
rine, Empress of Russia, was so fond of this Apple 
that she was regularly supplied with it from England. 
Then there is that delicious Apple the Ribston 
Pippin ; it is a native of Ribston Park, Yorkshire. 
The original tree was raised from a pip brought from 
France in the year 1688. There is no doubt about 
this being the original tree, as the suckers produce 
fruit of the same kind, and such numbers have been 
propagated from it, that they are now to be met with 
in almost every garden.” 
The account of the origin of this Apple, as given in 
The Fruit Manual, is as follows :—“ The original tree 
was first discovered growing in the garden at Ribston 
Hall, near Knaresborough, but how, when, or by what 
means it came there, has not been satisfactorily 
ascertained. One account states that about the year 
1688, some Apple pips were brought from Rouen and 
sown at Ribston Hall; the trees then produced from 
them were planted in the park, and one turned out 
to be the variety in question. The original tree stood 
till 1810, when it was blown down by a violent gale 
of wind. It was afterwards supported by stakes in a 
horizontal position, and continued to produce fruit 
till it lingered and died in 1835. Since then, a young 
shoot has been produced about 4 ins. below the 
surface of the ground, which, with proper care, may 
become a tree, and thereby preserve the original of 
this famous old dessert Apple.” 
Pippins are so called because they are raised from 
seeds and pips, and will come into bearing in five or 
six years without grafting. The Reinette is a much 
longer time before it is fruitful. These two are quite 
distinct, and easy to recognize by their seeds. In the 
Pippins the seeds or pips have the appearance of a 
boy’s top; the Reinette, on the contrary, has them 
broad and flat. 
“ The Pippin should never be grafted on a Reinette 
stock, for they will not live and thrive on any stock 
but the race of Pippins. The 
Blenheim Pippin makes the 
best stock for this purpose; 
it is a stronger grower, clean 
and healthy ; and if they are 
grafted on this sort we should 
have less complaints of un¬ 
healthy trees. The Blenheim 
is one of our best Apples, but 
at times an uncertain crop¬ 
per.” So writes an old gar¬ 
dener. In Shakespeare’s Merry 
Wives of Windsor, Sir Hugh 
Evans says, “ I make an end 
of my dinner: there’s Pippins 
and cheese to come.” This 
shows that Pippins were rare 
at the time of Elizabeth, and 
thought delicacies for the 
dessert. 
A writer named Bradley, 
w r ho lived a century or so after 
Lord Bacon, published a work 
in 1718, in which lie alluded to 
artificial fertilization as prac¬ 
tised, but the process was not 
very clearly described. But 
this reached its highest per¬ 
fection in Thomas Andrew 
Knight’s time, for he benefited 
his country by raising several 
valuable Apples, such as the 
Downton Pippin, Knight’s Cod- 
lin, Red Ingestre, and others. 
Dr. Short informs us that 
cider was first invented by a 
Norman, who much admired 
the flavour of Apples; and 
there is high medical authority 
for the statement that cider is 
very nutritious, and those that chiefly drink it are 
healthy, strong, and have a good complexion. 
The origin of the word “ pomatum,” which is used 
for the hair, is said to have been derived from the 
Apple, for the Old Holborn Gardener says : “ There 
is made an ointment with the pulp of Apples, swines’ 
grease, and rose-water, which is used to beautify the 
face, and take away the roughness of the skin, which 
is called in shops pomatum, because it was made 
from the pulp of Apples.”— Pomona. 
— -—o — 
H.ejianthus pcxiceus. — This plant, which re¬ 
sembles the Rochea falcata in the character of its 
flowers, but is Lily-like in foliage, would make a good 
companion for the Rochea by-and-bye. Arranged 
amongst Ferns or Grevilleas, or with any plants of 
a deep green, or green shade, it is peculiarly effective. 
A few such plants for the margins of side stages 
of greenhouses would be a welcome addition to the 
general run of things usually found in cool structures 
in the autumn ; and when the brilliancy of flower 
gardens is on the wane, plants that produce bright 
flowers will be more in request, and be more enjoyed 
than at present, while the terrace gardens and par¬ 
terres are aglow with Pelargoniums and other 
bright-coloured plants.— 0. C. 
