12 
CORN. 
with lines running lengthwise along them), was found at Ware; and 
on Sept. 1st and 2nd respectively similar attack was reported (with 
specimens accompanying) from barley near Inverness, and also from 
barley near Crieff, Perthshire. In all cases the nature of the attack 
was identified by sample specimens forwarded to me. Eeports were 
also sent me of similarly injured straw being observed in various parts 
of Scotland, and that “the insect had been observed in various 
counties widely apart.” 
On Sept. 22nd Mr. G. E. Palmer reported that the pupas of the 
Hessian Fly had been found at three farms near Hertford, two farms 
near Hitchin, one near Ware, and one near Luton, Bedfordshire. 
These localities include Mr. Palmer’s farm and that at Ware previously 
mentioned. The observations were taken by Mr. Palmer and Mr. H. 
Dorrington, residents near Hertford, perfectly qualified to identify the 
attack. 
Amount of injury caused by Hessian Fly attack. 
It is unnecessary here to enter on the losses liable to be caused by 
this attack, of which details will be found in the works referred to in 
table appended. They may be shortly stated as any amount from 
slight attack up to devastation of whole large districts. Some of the 
communications regarding amount of attack this year in this country 
mention “the barley being very much injured” (this on fields 
respectively of 33 and 15 acres); “considerable damage”; being 
“ struck with the number of broken-down stalks ” ; and one estimate is 
of a “loss of several bushels per acre ” (this from one English and 
three Scottish localities); and a general report sent to myself mentioned 
the attack in Scotland as having “ been observed in various counties 
widely apart, and causing considerable havoc to crops and anxiety to 
farmers.” Just as an example of amount of loss in the United 
States, in one State, at dates widely apart, it may be mentioned :— 
In New York State the lossTast year through this attack was estimated 
at 100,000 dols. ; in 1846 the insect was destructive through the 
whole State, and the loss in the western section was estimated at 
500,000 bushels. Details of losses in various years and localities in 
U. S. A. from 1776 will be found in the Eeport of the U. S. A. Ent. 
Commission, previously quoted. 
Appearance of attacked Crops. 
In Mr. Palmer’s notes of the appearance of his infested fields, he 
mentioned that at first he thought that the barley was “ simply root- 
fallen,” but on closely examining the stems he found that most of 
them had given way just above the second joint from the root, and 
