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COEN. 
early-sown wheat is found to be infested), by ploughing this in the 
maggots and eggs will be killed; and, in the words of Dr. Packard, 
this brood may be circumvented or destroyed so that a spring brood 
cannot appear from it. 
A less expensive method of attracting the flies is the use of what 
is called “bait,” that is, sowing some narrow strips of wheat to 
attract the flies, and ploughing this in with the eggs and maggots; but for 
ourselves the plan arranged by Mr. G. Palmer on his farm of Revell’s 
Hall, near Hertford, appears best of all as costing little or nothing, 
and meeting all purposes. 
Mr. Palmer showed me that on his worst infested barley fleld, 
which was bare at the root, he had allowed all the self-sown barley to 
sprout; thus it was ready for attack of all the flies which were 
hatching, or might be hatching, out of the “ flax-seeds.”* When the 
time was passed the plant was to be fed off by sheep, which would eat 
the leaves with eggs on them, and any maggots which had effected a 
lodgment in the centre of a plant too far down to be bitten out would 
be effectually killed by the subsequent ploughing coming in regular 
course of operations. 
The above refers to where stubbles are left; where they have been 
cut high so as to leave the infested part standing on the field it is 
probably the best plan at once to skim and collect the stubble and 
burn it, but from the practical difficulties in the way of carrying out 
this high cutting, and the amount of loss entailed, it does not seem 
likely to be carried out. 
Deep ploughing directly after cutting of stubbles which have been 
infested would turn any “ flax-seeds ” which had been shaken out well 
under, so that the flies from them, even if they did hatch out, could 
not make their way to the top. Where there is clover or seeds it does 
not seem possible to do anything relatively to attack that may very 
likely recur on the self-sown corn, excepting what may be done to kill 
the young maggots or “ flax-seeds ” by dressings ; for this purpose the 
use of lime, salt, or soot have been recommended. 
In regard to infested straw taken off the field, I am informed by 
Mr. John Marten (quoted previously) that it is found to answer well 
to stack this carefully after threshing, well built up square and firm, 
like a haystack, instead of throwing it anyhow; thus a very great 
proportion of the flies which come out of the “ flax-seeds ” are 
* Nov. 1st, 1886. During the last few days specimens have been sent from 
these plants, and shoots from old plants infested with Hessian Fly puparia in 
various stages, from white condition just passing from larval state up to regular 
“ flax-seed.” This shows that the puparia found in the corn-stems in August, or a 
portion of them, do hatch out their flies in this country, and confirms the need of 
every precaution. —E. A. 0. 
