HORSE WARBLE. 
91 
The largest number of warbles noted on one horse were three or 
four, but usually not more than one was observed ; but the mischief 
caused by this one either is (or has a capacity for being) much more 
serious than what is caused by any one warble on cattle. In the 
notes sent by Mr. Thompson, it will be observed that in the case of 
the horse suffering from warble, which was brought to him for 
veterinary advice, the swelling from the warble on the neck extended 
to the extremity of the shoulder-blade. Other notes of local tenderness 
of the part affected were given. It will also be noticed that the 
locality of the warbles is not (as with cattle) specially along the’back, 
but they are also to be found on the neck, flank, and quarter. The 
only uninjured specimen I have seen much resembled the early stage 
of the Ox Warble maggot before it has gained the oval shape (see fig.). 
It appeared to me that the bands of prickles 
were more obvious, likewise that the prickles 
were larger than is the case with Ox Warble 
larva at this stage, likewise that some of the 
divisions of the segments or cross furrows 
were deeper; but as the specimen was appa¬ 
rently not advanced to the final moult it could 
not be satisfactorily identified. In other speci¬ 
mens, examined by Mr. A. Martyn (see p. 93), 
the mouth-hooks were observable, and similar, 
or nearly similar, to those of H. hovis, and the 
duration of the chrysalis stage was found by him to be about 
twenty-seven days. 
The only other observations which have been contributed regarding 
points of structure of the maggot, or of the history of its development 
Ox Warble maggot, in 
two stages, much 
magnified. 
others of the -geuus. To distinguish whether it is the larva of the Hyp. hovis or of 
another kind, we must know the third stage. It is very likely that it belongs to 
another kind, possibly H. silenus.” 
“ The larvffi have, up to this time, been observed in Spain, Italy, in the North of 
France, Belgium, Holland, and on the coasts of the North Sea, in warbles on horses. 
The statement of Joly that it occurs occasionally in the South, I consider to be 
inaccurate, I have never observed it in Vienna, nor on Hungarian horses. The 
swellings are found along the vertebral column on the back of horses, and are 
observable in May and June. Such horses especially suffer as in July and August 
of the previous year were exposed in the pastures to GUstrus attack.” 
Note. —The larvte observed by Koulin, in America, under the skin of horses, 
appear to belong to the Bermatohia.'' —Monographie der (Estriden, von Friedrich 
Brauer, Wien, 1863, pp, 187, 138. 
The publications on the above subject, mentioned by Dr. Brauer, are:—Loiset, 
Note sur I’oestre cuticule du cheval, Mem. Soc. veter. d. 1. Manche et du Calvados, 
p. 197, 1844 {(Edemagena equi). Joly, Eecherche s. 1. oestre, H. Loiset, p. 241, 
1846 ; and Joly, Comptes rendus d. I’academie, p. 86 {Hypoderma equi die larve, 88), 
Paris, 1849. 
