ox WAEBLE FLY. 
95 
by italics) that he has not noticed a scar on the healed wound in horse- 
hide similar to what exists in cattle-hide. Mr. Dalton, who in previous 
years had favoured me with excellent observations regarding warble- 
presence reported as follows :— 
“ With regard to your question about warbles in horses, I can give 
you but little information. Of the horse-hides I get I should say not 
one in fifty is warbled, and the appearance of the hides when tanned 
.shows that warbles in the horse are of rare occurrence ; there is no 
cicatrix as in cattle, and when a warble does exist it is a single one, 
and never, so far as I have seen, in numbers. As horses are not used 
for food, the hides are comparatively scarce, and only a few—and 
these mostly old ones—come under the observation of the tanner. I 
never remember seeing more than one warble-hole in a horse-hide ; I 
mean in any single hide. Whether it is the same species of warble as 
in the ox I cannot give an opinion ; I am inclined to think it is the 
same, .... but this is, of course, mere supposition.” 
In regard to presence of warble in imported hides, Mr. Dalton 
wrote:—“ Horse-hides are imported in large numbers from South 
America; the Spaniards rear horses in immense quantities, and kill 
them for the hides and feet. They are slaughtered at two or three 
years old, and these hides are quite free from warbles.” 
Ox Warble Fly. Hypodenna hovis, DeGeer. 
Maggot.' Hypodeema bovis. Chrysalis. 
During the last season the chief points which have been brought 
forward regarding Ox Warble attack are the ease with which the 
warble-maggot may be destroyed, and the absolute certainty of 
greatly lessening amount of future attack by a little timely care in 
getting rid of maggots in the spring. 
Where these are destroyed necessarily the summer hatching out 
of the warble-fiies is lessened precisely in the same proportion, the 
cattle are (similarly) saved in proj^ortion from summer disturbance, 
and from new deposit of maggots in their backs, and as the flies, as 
far as we know, are exceedingly short-lived and do not go far from 
where they came out of the chrysalids, each cattle owner has the 
