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APPENDIX. 
Kate of spkead of Hessian Fly. 
In Russia the Hessian Fly is very injurious ; and I am favoured by 
the kind permission of Dr. K. Lindeman, Professor in the Academie 
Agricole of Moscow, Russia, who was the first discoverer of its 
presence in that country, to offer the following extract from commu¬ 
nications he has lately been good enough to send to myself, and which 
I give in detail, as the testimony to such enormous powers of spread, 
from Dr. Lindeman’s own knowledge, is exceedingly instructive in 
our present trouble. Dr. K. Lindeman wrote, during February 
last:—“ The Cecidomyia destructor was discovered by myself first in 
Russia, in the Government of Poltowa, in July, in 1879. Since then I 
have myself studied it in many parts of the country, and received 
puparia from very many correspondents, and up to the present time I 
am aware of the presence of this injurious insect in the following 
Governments :—Bessarabia, Vladimir, Vologda, Volhynia, Voronetz ; 
in the country of the Don Cossacks, Ekaterinoslav, Kazan, Kaluga, 
Kiev, Kostroma; in the country of the Kuban Cossacks, Kursk, 
Mohilev, Moscow, Nischny-Novgorod, Novgorod, Orel, Penza, Podolia, 
Poltowa, Pskov, Perm, Riazan, Samara, Saratov, Simbirsk, Smolensk, 
Stavropol, Tambov, Tula, Kharkov, Kherson, Tschernigoff, Estland, 
Jaroslav, and beyond the Ural Moutains the Hessian Fly occurs in the 
district of Schadrinsk (Government of Perm). In this wide extent of 
territory the Hessian Fly causes with us yearly very severe injury, 
which rises to a great height, especially in Southern and Mid- 
Russia.” 
It will be observed from the above details that in the course of eight 
years, from the first observation of its presence, this crop-scourge has 
spread over an area of country extending from the more northerly parts 
of Russia to the shores of the Black Sea, which may be generally 
described as a square length and breadth, exceeding in some parts 
♦ _ 
twice the length of England and Scotland taken together. Unless 
timely precaution is taken here, the above note shows what we have to fear. 
The point still remains to be found out,—Where does Hessian Fly 
come from ? It is most likely that it is imported in straw or in Corn 
not cleared of the fine rubbish and weed-seeds, which have to be cleared 
out in this country if the Corn has not been thoroughly cleaned before 
shipment. We can only learn whence it comes by careful watching. 
It is exceedingly desirable that all who use imported straw, either for 
litter or bedding, or for fodder, would, as a regular thing, see if it 
contained “ flax-seeds.” Splitting open a sheathing-leaf at the second 
joiut of the stem here and there amongst Wheat or Barley straw when 
known to be imported, would help greatly towards knowing if the pest 
