74 CORN. 
heaps are large enough to form a good shelter. One of my corre¬ 
spondents states, “ I find that the weevils infest the Barley-malt, and 
do not come out unless disturbed. We have lately been doing this, 
and as a consequence find them in all the available chinks and 
crannies. ... In my case the heap was amply large enough to 
afford them shelter and protection from chills, consequently until 
disturbed they were not found at any distance from the malt-bins. 
But even if they do not leave the corn-heaps as a regular matter, they 
are to be found in chinks and crevices, and between planks and wood¬ 
work all about stores where corn is kept, and it is from such places 
that they come out to infest new supplies.” 
For requisite treatment I believe no better advice can be given 
than that conveyed in some of the concluding words of the paper by 
Mr. E. A. Fitch, of Maldon, Essex, which is previously quoted from. 
From the careful study Mr. Fitch bestowed on the subject, as well as 
his personal observation of the matter in his own stores, his digest of 
the measures which can be serviceably used is of much value :— 
“ Cleanliness alone will do the required work, and this requires to 
be thorough to cope with such a crevice- and cranny-loving hybernating 
insect as the Calandra. Frequent lime-washing and scrubbing (with 
soft soap) of granaries, the plastering of all uneven wall-surfaces, the 
asphalting or concreting of all unlevel floors, the free use of the 
dressing-machine or blower, and frequent sifting or turning over of 
the grain are the only likely remedies against weevil attack. It is also 
necessary to guard against mixing sound Wheat with any containing 
weevil, except for immediate grinding; also to see to the destruction 
of all rubbish and tail-corn in which it is possible for beetles to live 
and breed.* ” 
The love of warmth of the weevils may be turned to account in 
the German method of trapping them. This is to lay a sheepskin, 
wool downwards, by the corn heaps; here the beetles collect, and are 
so entangled that with care they may be carried away and beaten out 
of the skins and destroyed.! As warmth is requisite to their breeding 
freely, everything which will keep down the temperature of the 
infested corn is useful, more particularly as, where they are in great 
numbers, considerable heat is engendered (as is well known in 
the case of infested corn-ships) by the results of their accumulations 
of frass or workings. This is so well known that I have received 
enquiries from shippers as to whether “ the heat generated the 
beetles.” This is certainly not the case. It is the beetles and 
maggots which generate the heat; but at the same time the heat is so 
favourable to their reproduction that under such circumstances they 
* ‘ Granary Weevils,’ by E. A. Fitch, the ‘ Entomologist,’ Feb. 1879, p. 50. 
f 1 Insekten kunde,’ by Dr. E. L. Taschenberg, pt. ii. p. 174, 
