10 
NOTES OF OBSERVATIONS 
animal manure being badly infested with Wireworm. This agrees 
with the observations of Bouche, quoted in Curtis’s ‘ Farm Insects,’ 
p. 159, of the Wireworm sometimes living in multitudes in dung. 
Mr. D. Sym Scott, writing from Ballinacourte, Tipperary,—after 
mentioning that the most destructive ravages of the Wireworm in the 
locality appeared to be more than usually confined to sheltered gardens 
and fields,—gives some useful observations as to relative amount of 
Wireworm attack, under different methods of treatment, on a piece of 
ground which, for fourteen years prior to 1878, had been lying out in 
grass, and last year was in Oats. Of this he remarks, only half the 
field was ploughed last autumn; the other half, being required for 
hand-feeding sheep, was not turned over until just before seed sowing ; 
on the latter half the Wireworm was most destructive. Over a portion 
of this unploughed stubble, timber was carted during the winter months 
from a neighbouring plantation, and on the part that was carted over 
there was no appearance of the Wireworm. From this Mr. Scott draws 
the lesson, “Plough early, and use a land presser.” Rape cake has 
been mentioned to me as a useful preventive for Wireworm, but I 
have no detail of experiment. 
5 & 6. Tipula oleracea and Tipula maculosa. Crane Fly ; 
Leather Jackets (larvae). The larvae of these Flies, often known as 
Wireworm in the South of Scotland, appear to have been numerous 
and injurious generally this year, excepting at the most northerly 
