of injurious Insects. 
17 
as plentiful as usual near Norwich. At Islewortli P. rapce were 
moderately plentiful. Mr. Rolfe notices P. Brassica as very scarce at 
Kew in the spring; and the autumnal brood also as few in number, 
but more numerous. The first appearance is noted on June 8tli. 
P. rapce appeared on May 4tli; P. napi was not observed. Mr. Rolfe 
mentions having found pupae of the Pieridae attached to walls, and 
frozen so hard that they could be snapped like sticks, but of which 
those kept for observation appeared perfectly healthy on being thawed, 
and produced perfect imagos in due time. On the other hand, great 
numbers of the Large Cabbage Butterfly were observed in the Isle of 
Mull by Mr. Grierson, but few caterpillars. At Aber Camlais, Brecon, 
they appeared early in the year, and the butterflies were plentiful, but 
little injury done by caterpillars. At Sedbury Park, West Gloucester¬ 
shire, the caterpillars were very numerous; and they are also mentioned 
by Mr. Hart as doing great harm to the Cabbage in gardens at 
Kingsnorth, Ashford, Kent, so that on examining a small plot of 
Cabbages in his own garden scarcely a plant in it was without some 
amount of eggs. Such pupae of the Pieridae as I had opportunity of 
examining during the continuance of the severe cold of the winter of 
1878-79, when the minimum reading of the thermometer ranged 
between 10° and 80° on twenty-five nights in January, appeared 
perfectly uninjured by it: P. napi was only temporarily stiffened, and 
P. rapce developed the imago on April 4tli from specimens brought in 
after February 7tli, this appearance being exactly a month before the 
first specimen noticed of P. rctpce out of doors. The parasites in a 
pupa of P. napi were also temporarily stiffened, but otherwise 
uninjured. 
Mamestra Brassioe. 
12. Mamestra Brassicae. Cabbage Moth. This moth is men¬ 
tioned by Mr. F. Norgate as abundant at Sparham, near Norwich, on 
July 12th; and the caterpillars are noticed by Mr. Dobson as being 
unusually plentiful at New Malden, Surrey, at the beginning of 
October; otherwise it appears not to have been as numerous as usual. 
At Bury, Lancashire, it is noted by Mr. Kaye as less plentiful than 
D 
