OF INJURIOUS INSECTS. 
19 
Mr. Tait mentions it also as not being especially abundant; and 
as the Turnips were sown late and grew rapidly little damage was 
done. Mr. P. Loney, writing from Marchmont, Dunse, Berwickshire, 
notices the Turnip Flea as extremely numerous. Owing to the cold 
state of the soil the plants in many cases never got beyond the 
Cotyledons, when they were eaten over. The rainfall of June amounted 
to 5*30 ins., but had no effect on the Fly. The rainfall of July gave 
a total of 6’40 ins., leaving the land in such a state it was impossible 
to work the soil, consequently many acres could not be sown. 
Mr. Robert Service mentions the Turnip Fly as extremely prevalent 
near Kirkcudbright, where it entailed the loss of a large quantity of 
seed. In Wigtonsliire it committed unusual ravages, and a great 
breadth of the crop required to be resown. At Maxwelltown, Dumfries, 
it was noticed on June 14tli at one or two farms only, but not to any 
great extent. At Dalkeith Mr. Malcolm Dunn mentions there was a 
slight appearance of Turnip Fly accompanying three or four days’ fine 
weather about June 20tli, but this was not nearly to the same extent 
that is usual in the district, in seasons more favourable to the beetle, 
so that the damage done was comparatively trifling. At Scotswood-on- 
Tyne Mr. Herbert Grace mentions the Fly as not doing much harm, 
excepting on badly-farmed lands, where the Turnips had to be resown 
on account of its ravages; and he draws attention to previous 
observations in the Reports of the spread of the Fly from Charlock. 
At Knebworth, Hants, and Addington, Bucks, the Fly was scarce, or 
not troublesome, apparently from the wet and cold weather; and at 
Sedbury Park, West Gloucestershire, it was not as numerous as in 
some previous years. In the neighbourhood of Exeter it is mentioned 
by Mr. D’Urban as being very numerous in gardens in July, and that 
as far as his observations went the commonest sx>ecies was Phyllotreta 
nemorum. At Tangley, near Guildford, Mr. Newton Smith notes (as 
showing that rain alone cannot always be depended on to clear the 
Fly) that Turnips which germinated about the middle of May were 
badly attacked before the application of soot. He also draws attention 
to the importance of such liberal feeding to the plant as may induce a 
vigorous growth after setting out that will baffle the Fly. This point, 
also, Mr. Silvester previously drew attention to and illustrated from 
the various amount of injury to his crops by Fly, according to their 
luxuriance and healthiness of growth. This year Mr. Silvester 
mentions his root crops as exceptionally free from Fly, though 
suffering from the bad weather. From Maldon Mr. Fitch returns, “ no 
Turnips, therefore no Fly”; and from Kingsnorth, Kent, Mr. Hart 
similarly reports, “ Scarce, the Turnip crop generally being a failure 
