OF INJURIOUS INSECTS. 
35 
in some years excessively prevalent, so that heaps of many cart-loads 
of old Cabbage-stalks may be seen flung aside when the fields are 
cleared, all more or less covered with the Galls in various stages, 
Cf.utorhynchus sulcicollis. 
some still with maggots contained in them. These maggots have 
great powers of endurance: on being removed from the Gall, even if 
not fully grown, they will at once construct earth-cases as if ready for 
pupation ; and in the cold weather of last winter, out of a large 
number that I examined (with one exception), all were alive and 
healthy; and on being thawed after removal from the Gall and placed 
on soft earth they made their way into it and formed their earth-cases 
as usual. The numbers of this Weevil are much increased by the 
custom of merely throwing the old Cabbage-stumps, with still tenanted 
Galls in them, aside, instead of burning them ; and where the stumps 
in this state have been buried to decay a little below the surface, and 
a fresh Cabbage crop planted above, the result has been very bad. 
Pheedon betulee. Mr. D’Urban notes that he has received 
specimens of this Beetle from Mr. J. G. Burgess, of Magdalen, near 
Lynn, Norfolk, with details of the method of its attack on the White 
Mustard in the Fen country, where many promising crops that would 
yield five or six sacks of seed per acre are destroyed by this pest. It 
is mentioned as appearing generally about the flowering time, and 
first to attack the leaves, then the bark of the stem and branches, and 
finally to gnaw the pods till the seeds are visible. The seed in these 
cases is always small and grey, and almost unsaleable, not paying the 
