OF INJURIOUS INSECTS. 
41 
brown, with two waved lines at the base, a double waved line beyond 
the middle, and a still more irregular one at the edge of the wing, 
accompanied by various oval or ear-shaped spots of various depth of 
tint, and other markings too complicated for a short description. If 
the Moth is not certainly known it is best to forward it. The 
caterpillars grow to about two inches in length, and the thickness of 
a small goose quill, and are of a freckled ochreous colour with a broad 
space, often rosy down the back, bearing a double dark line with a. 
fainter one on each side, and two black dots placed on each segment 
between these lines; the first segment behind the head is brown, 
divided by three pale lines. The caterpillar is of a shining horny 
appearance, and on disturbance rolls itself up. 
14. Phyllotreta undulata. Turnip Fly. The Turnip Fly, or Turnip 
Flea Beetle, is only too well known. Of the many species P. undulata 
and P. nemorum appear to be the most destructive. Both species are 
striped on the wing-cases, and distinguishable from each other by the 
fact of P. nemorum being the largest, the most coarsely punctured, and 
having yellow shanks. 
16. Aphis Rupee. Turnip Aphis, or Turnip Plant Louse ; Blue 
Fly (Scottice). Females wingless, green, with a sliagreened surface. 
Males four-winged; wings with light brown nerves ; colour ochreous, 
or (taken in detail) green mottled with ochre and black. 
20. Aphis granaria. Wheat Plant Louse. Females often wingless ; 
green, with green and black legs. Males four-winged; the upper 
wings with a long green streak near the front edge. These Aphides 
change after death to a brown or oclire-olive colour. 
21. Cossus ligniperda. Goat Moth; Ogger or Augur Worm (Scot¬ 
tice). About three inches in expanse; fore wings rich brown, 
varied and mottled with darker markings, crossing the wings in 
waved lines; the hinder wings somewhat similarly marked, but of a 
dull pale brown. The caterpillar is flesh-coloured in its early stage, 
with a black head, and broad dull red stripe down the back; the 
colouring becomes more definitely red on the back and orange at the 
sides as the caterpillar gets towards full growth, when it is as much 
as three to four inches in length. It is distinguishable by the 
disagreeable smell from which the Moth takes its name. 
22. Zeuzera AEsculi. Leopard Moth. About two inches and a 
half in expanse of the wings, which are semitransparent; fore 
wings whitish, with many blue-black spots; hind wings with spots 
less distinct; thorax whitish, with six large black spots; body grey. 
The caterpillar is yellowish, with glossy black spots. 
28. Bombyx neustria. Lackey Moth. This is about an inch and 
