42 
IJOTES OF OBSERVATIONS 
a half in expanse, and very variable in appearance; the fore wings 
sometimes red-brown, with two pale transverse bars, or yellow with 
dark brown bars ; the hind wings red-brown, generally paler than the 
fore wings, with a faint bar across the middle. The caterpillar is 
gregarious, and very gaudily marked; the head and second segment 
blue-grey, the first with two eye-like spots, the second with four black 
spots; all the other segments are striped throughout; a central white 
line runs down the back, and on each side of this are successively a 
thin black line, then in stripes, orange-red, black spotted with blue, 
orange (narrow and interrupted), broad blue, orange dotted with 
black ; and below the caterpillar is blue-grey dotted with black. The 
eggs are laid in rings on the Apple shoots; and the caterpillars cause 
much damage by spinning up the leaves and young shoots in their 
webs. 
24. Yponomeuta padellas. Small Ermine Moth. This little Moth, 
which averages about three-quarters of an inch in the expanse of the 
wings, is extremely variable, the ground colour of the fore wings being 
sometimes white, sometimes pale or deep lead-colour; each fore wing 
has about thirty minute black dots on it, placed in three slightly- 
irregular rows; the hind wings are lead-colour. The caterpillar is 
of a dirty ash colour, spotted with black. 
26. Anthonomus pomorum. Apple Weevil. The Beetles are hardly 
a quarter of an inch in length, and pear-shaped; reddish brown, with 
short whitish or oclireous hairs. These minute Weevils come out 
from their winter shelter in March, when the blossom-buds of the 
Apple are swelling, and in some years materially injure the crop by 
laying their eggs in the buds, so as to prevent their future development 
into fruit. The males fly, but the females usually crawl along the 
bough; and probably much might be done towards checking them in 
the Orchards of the cider-growing counties, where they are the most 
injurious, by removing ragged bark, and the enormous masses of 
Lichens, Mosses, and other shelters for insect vermin, which in many 
parts of the West of England are allowed to accumulate on the trees. 
27. Eriocampa adumbrata. Pear Tree Slug-worm. The perfect 
insect is a Sawfly ; black with a violet tinge, and with blackish wings. 
The larvse are easily distinguishable by their shape, which (as shown 
in the figure) is so much swollen behind the head as almost to 
conceal it; and also by the bottle-green or black grubs being coated 
with slimy adhesive matter, giving them a truly disgusting appearance 
during their early life. When they are about five weeks old they cast 
their skins, and appear wrinkled transversely instead of being wet and 
slimy, and of an ochre-colour instead of black or bottle-green. The 
