8 
NOTES OF OBSERVATIONS 
glassful of paraffin oil to a gallon of water destroys the insects, but 
kills the crop also if applied in dry weather. Mr. Kaye mentions, from 
Bury, that in dry seasons he has found watering the Carrots through 
a fine-rosed watering-can keeps them clear from rust, if thoroughly 
done; this jmobably being beneficial by the stimulation of growth, 
which is usually a great preventive of insect attack. 
Mamestra Brassioe. 
4. Mamestra Brassiese. Cabbage Moth. Is mentioned by Mr. 
Edw. Parfitt as being plentiful at Exeter, though late in appearance, 
and not so destructive to the crops as in the dry seasons. At Bury, 
Lancashire, it is described as a “regular pest.” In other localities it 
is little noted. 
PlERIS BRASSICiE. 
5. Pieris Brassicse. Cabbage Butterfly. Owing to the ungenial 
spring this Butterfly was apparently later than usual in appearance. 
It was first observed on the 25th of May, near Maldon. At Isleworth, 
Pierida were out on the 25tli, but the first P. Brassiccs was not noticed 
till the 29tli of May; and the amount of appearance of Cabbage 
Butterflies varied much with the amount of shelter provided for the 
previous stage of pupation. In the neighbourhood of Isleworth, where 
the main field-crop of the district is of different kinds of Cabbage, the 
proportion of shelter is small to the amount of ground ; whilst at 
Marlborough the Rev. T. A. Preston mentions the large numbers to 
