10 
NOTES OF OBSERVATIONS 
eighteen cartloads of farmyard cake-fed dimg per acre, put on after 
harvest. In another field of fourteen acres of Mangolds, sown late in 
April, which came up well, hut grew slowly on account of had 
weather, Mr. Fitch noticed the Wireworm abundantly in May. The 
ground in the previous season had been in Turnips, and Mangolds 
(which were destroyed by surface caterpillars, and other insects), and 
subsequently well cultivated throughout the spring. Six acres w r ere 
manured with fourteen loads of cake-fed dung, and the whole with 
five hundredweight per acre of Lawes’ Mangold manure, but no 
difference was observed in the degree of Wireworm attack. It is 
noticed round Maldon that the Wireworms, which (as far as is known) 
are usually the larvae of Athoiis hcemorrhoidalis, appear more trouble¬ 
some on the heavy land after a fallow. Amongst root crops the 
remedies used are furrow-lioeing, liorse-hoeing twice in a place, liand- 
hoeing close to the rows, and then chopping out to stop the Wireworm’s 
working in the drills; but, however it may be done, stirring the land 
well is considered the best remedy with root crops. Amongst corn 
crops rolling with' a heavy roller, or, if possible, on the lighter soils, 
with a Crosskill’s clod-cruslier, is the usual remedy. In one case the 
object is to solidify the surface, and so stop the Wireworm’s working; 
in the other (the root and green crops), to stimulate growth in the 
young plants, besides disturbing the larvae. 
TePHHITIS ONOrORDINIS. 
7. Tephritis Onopordinis. Celery and Parsnip Fly. Scarcely 
noticed. At Maldon no traces were observable up to November 7th; 
