40 
MANGOLD. 
rather dark, powdery Aphides beneath the curled leaves, some of 
which still remained on Sept. 26th, and perhaps later. Such Swedes 
as found sufficient moisture to grow were also attacked by Dolphin, 
and severely checked. In favoured localities there would have been 
some very fair pieces of Swedes but for this pest.” 
Prof. P. McConnell, writing during October from Ongar, Essex, 
remarked:—“You are, of course, aware that all over the country 
there has been, this year, almost a visitation of ‘ Green Flies * 
(Aphides), and that scarcely any crop has escaped their ravages. . . . 
I estimate our own loss on Turnips and Cabbages, from the Aphis 
Aphis brassic^e, Linn. 
Cabbage Aphis. 1 and 2, male Aphis ; 8 and 4, female (nat. size and mag.). 
brassicce, at £3 per acre. Of course, the dry season is primarily to 
blame for their damages to roots, but, as the leaves were swarming 
with the grey powdered variety, they are responsible for the above 
damage. 
“ One very noticeable fact is the attack on the Mangold plant. I 
had occasion to examine our crops narrowly for these attacks, and 
noticed that the shoots of Mangolds which had run to seed were 
covered with black Aphides.” 
Prof. McConnell further drew attention to considerations as to 
these black plant-lice being the same kind as the Bean Aphis, com¬ 
monly known as “ Colliers,” and stated that he considered the “black 
fellows were the larval form of A. fabce of Curtis, but that he could 
not find a single adult specimen.” 
Communications were sent from other quarters relatively to black 
plant-lice, considered by the observers to be “ Colliers,” being found 
on Mangold leafage ; and, through the courtesy of the Editor of the 
‘Farmers’ Gazette,’ Dublin, some specimens were sent me, but without 
at all venturing to form an opinion what the others might be which I 
did not see, those forwarded certainly did not correspond with the 
received descriptions of the “ Colliers ”—that is, of the Aphis rumicis , 
Linn., the black Bean Aphis, which we all know well as appearing 
first near the tops of the Bean-stalks at flowering time. 
