46 
MANGOLD. 
half an inch long, is of an “ oclireous-purple,” with a row of dots 
along each side ; and yet another, the Hairy Snake Millepede, Julus 
pilosus of Newport’s MSS., is a slender, somewhat lead-coloured, 
Millepede, and distinguishable by the fine downy coat, from which it 
takes its name. 
These various kinds are much alike in their life-history. The 
females are stated to lay their eggs from about Christmas-time until 
the middle of spring. The young Millepedes, when first hatched, 
have not more than three pairs of legs, but whether they are hatched 
with these, or hatched legless, and gain them at the first moult, does 
not appear certain as yet; with the successive moults or changes of 
skin they gain additional numbers of segments, and of pairs of legs, 
sometimes as many as eighty or more. In J. Londinensis about 160 
legs is stated to be the full number, these being so arranged that 
each segment appears to have two pairs of the little claw-like legs 
beneath it. 
The Snake Millepedes live for two years before reaching full 
growth and power of reproduction, and during this time change their 
coats several times, but continue throughout their lives to have their 
somewhat worm-like shape. 
The Flattened Millepede, Polydesmus complanatus (figs. 6, 7), has 
the same method of growth and habits as the Snake Millepedes, and 
is also very injurious; it may be distinguished by its upper side being 
flattened. 
Amongst the various kinds, the Julus guttcitm, the first of those 
described and figured at p. 45, is one of the most destructive, and is 
especially fond of Mangolds. The following observations, sent to him 
by his bailiff, together with specimens of this Millepede, were forwarded 
to me, on May 29tli, by Mr. T. Pain, Member of Council of the Royal 
Agricultural Society, regarding bad attack to young Mangolds on his 
land at Audley’s Wood, Basingstoke, Hants :— 
“In the enclosed soil, which I took from the Mangold field this 
morning, you will find a great quantity of little worms, or insects 
which devour all the plants as fast as the seed germinates ; they are 
as thick in proportion as the enclosed in every drill all over the field.” 
Mr. Pain mentioned that the Mangold seed was drilled with ground 
rape-cake and Purser’s Mangold manure, 3 cwt. of each, and no farm¬ 
yard manure had been applied to the land since the previous year, and, 
as usual, 5 cwt. of salt per acre was applied before sowing. Mangolds 
“ had been grown very successfully for four years on the same ground.” 
In the previous year ten tons of manure to the acre were put on 
the same ground, carted straight from covered sheds, the manure 
being from pigs fatted on barley-meal; cows fed on decorticated 
cotton-cake, maize, and bean-meal, or dari crushed with Mangold ; 
