EAR-COCKLES. 
81 
< i 
>» 
small bit of the end of the tail, and some connecting skin. The 
same occurrence took place repeatedly on successive trials, but I 
never found that a grub which had eaten another was himself consumed 
by his brethren. This habit may possibly help us by some degree of 
what may be called self-clearance of the caterpillars, where infested 
land is so thoroughly surface cultivated as to remove their special 
foods, but we do not know this for certain. 
As these grubs live through the winter, it is well, where absence 
of crop allows, so to stir and turn the surface of the ground to the 
depth at which the grubs may be lying that they may be turned out 
to the effects of bad weather. Alternate frost and thaw will kill them 
when exposed to weather action, but, if turned out early in the 
autumn, they will then be still able, if allowed, to crawl away to 
remake or regain winter shelters. In such cases turning on pigs to 
follow the plough is of great service. 
It has been stated that the attack does not occur where ground 
has been well salted, but this attack is one on which we very much 
need further information. 
WHEAT. 
“Ear-cockles”; “Purples”; “ False Ergot ”; Galls of Wheat 
Eel-worms. Tylenchus tritici, Bastian ; Vibrio tritici, Curtis. 
Wormlets escaping from eggs; section of Coclde-gall, with wormlets within; 
after Brauer’s figs, (much magnified). Spikelet of Wheat, with galls (magnified). 
T. tritici wormlet (greatly magnified). Nat. length of largest one-seventh to one- 
fourth inch.* 
The AnguillulidcB are excessively small, transparent, cylindrical 
worms, tapering more or less at each extremity ; the “ Eel-worms 
* This paper has been placed under the special heading of “Wheat,” as the 
information was not procurable in time for its insertion under the geneial heading 
of “ Corn and Grass.” 
G 
