OBSERVATIONS 
ON 
WARBLE FLY ob OX BOT FLY, 
(Estrus bovis, Clark ; Hypoderma bovis, De Greer. 
Maggot. Ox Warble Fly. Chrysalis. 
During the last year a large amount of communication regarding 
warble-attack has taken place with cattle owners, dairy farmers, 
veterinary surgeons, and others practically conversant with the attack 
in all common states on the live animal; and also with many leading 
firms of leather factors and tanners in various parts of the country 
relatively to the great loss on hide, a matter confirmed by communi¬ 
cation with others engaged in the manufactured leather trades, as 
carriage-builders, and saddle, and boot and shoe makers. 
The great mass of communication received makes it rather difficult 
to give the result in terse and comprehensible form, and in any 
moderate compass. I have therefore taken the main points and 
divided them into two parts, the first including what may be called 
the field or practical part, as damage to health of the animals, some 
statistics of loss, means of remedy by destroying the maggot, and 
means of prevention by keeping off the fly. The second part contains 
observations from life of the growth of the maggot and warble, from 
the first stage in which it is noticeable by the naked eye; with some 
additional notes, also from life, regarding the development of the 
chrysalis and fly. The first part shows what is found to answer, and 
the second the reasons why, from the nature and condition of the 
maggot in its different stages, this or that application may be expected 
to have the desired effect on it. 
H 
