86 
WARBLE FLY. 
I have to thank a very large number of correspondents for the 
great assistance they have kindly afforded me by their communi¬ 
cations, which are duly acknowledged with their names appended in 
the following pages ; but my thanks are especially due to Messrs. Fry 
and Co., Leather and Hide Factors, Moor Street, Birmingham, for the 
assistance they have given me by their introductions in drawing wide¬ 
spread attention to the subject, and likewise obtaining distribution of 
information thereon. 
At a rough calculation about 10,000 to 15,000 of my ‘ Observations 
on Warble Fly,’ and 15,000 to 20,000 of my Notes, have been 
distributed, and I trust have in some places raised useful attention. 
Pamphlets have also been forwarded by request to various localities 
in the United States where attack exists, and consequently co-operation 
in prevention is desirable, as the attack is readily carried. 
Part I. —Observations regarding amount of Warble-presence, 
MEANS OF PREVENTION, REMEDY, &C. 
The following observations give examples of the severity to which 
warble-attack runs. Such specimens as were sent accompanying were 
in a shocking condition, and, if not the cause of the death of the 
animals, must have severely aggravated the effects of illness. 
“ I to-day received the skin of a young bullock, about one year and 
a half old, which was very much warbled, and which showed signs of 
a considerable amount of inflammation. I have cut a piece out and 
forward it for your inspection. You will notice that the mem¬ 
brane covering the warble is much thinner than at a later period. I 
cannot help thinking that the death of this animal has been brought 
about solely by warbles; the irritation caused by the presence of so 
large a number must have been very great, and it may be supposed 
the draw upon the system to supply such a large colony with food 
must have been more than could be borne.” —John Dalton, Wigton, 
March 28th, 1885. 
[The thinness alluded to was very noticeable, the segments of the 
maggot being clearly discernible through the membrane. The piece 
of hide contained eight or nine warbles in a space of not more than 
two and a half inches square, and was in a state of inflammation. 
The maggots were upwards of a sixth of their full growth, and the 
warbles containing them in some cases so close together as not to be 
clearly distinguishable from each other. —Ed.] 
“ Almost immediately after receipt of your letter to-day we had the 
skin of a yearling sent in; it was covered with warbles down the 
centre of the back. The man who brought it said they considered it 
died of ‘blackleg.’ We think the warbles killed it. This makes the 
