HOP APHIS. 
45 
where hatching or awakening from hybernation would be early. I 
should say I found a hundred at least in ten minutes.” 
On the 31st of March Mr. E. Goodwin wrote, from Canon Court, 
Wateringbury, Kent, that nearly all the Hops had been dressed; but 
he had carefully searched in the young shoots, and found some lice in 
Grape Hops, but could find no signs of any in Golding Hops. 
Continuing the observations in order of date, early in April, I heard 
from Mr. Whitehead that he had found more lice on Hop-slioots; that 
two farmers had just called and brought more; and on the 10th of 
April he mentioned that attack had been fonnd on the Hop-shoots in 
several places in East Kent. 
On the 12th of April Dr. T. A. Chapman, writing from Hereford, 
reported that after careful search in the Hop-yards, where the bine was 
two feet high, he could find no trace of “ Flyf but on the following day 
he found a bine with seven or eight Aphides on it. These were wing¬ 
less and nearly full-grown. 
In these observations we have clear instance of the wingless 
females, and the lice being present at the hills in the early sping, long 
before any appearance of the “ Ely” (or Aphis in the winged state), in 
which it might have been borne on the wind from elsewhere. 
This point is strongly confirmed practically by the experiments in 
the Hop-grounds at Stoke Edith Park, near Hereford. Here it was 
found that bines from the hills which had been treated (in autumn 
after the bines were cut, or in spring before or when they were shoot¬ 
ing) with various applications suitable to prevent Aphis effecting a lodg¬ 
ment or coming up through the soil were perfectly clean (though the rest 
of the Hop-yard was infested) up to about the end of May, when 
attack of winged Fly began. 
Some of these plants had been watered with paraffin and water, 
and with salt and water in the autumn after the bine was cut, and 
altogether upwards of 1200 plants were experimented on by Mr. A. 
Ward with applications of paraffin variously mixed with ashes, saw¬ 
dust, sawdust and ashes, and also with shoddy; likewise with lime, 
salt, salt and lime, salt and ashes, soot, gas-lime, and gas-lime and 
soot.* 
A plant also, which had been carefully enclosed under muslin, and 
of which the ground round the hill had been well watered with 
paraffin and water, remained free from attack; whereas the one 
similarly secured last year under muslin, of which the hill had not 
been cleared of attack by dressings, was then smothered with Aphides 
coming up from the hill. 
To recapitulate : we have thus (with regard to the beginning of the 
attack of the year) evidence of the wingless females being seen 
* Details of amount of application and effect on the plant given further on. 
