MAGGOTS LEAVING THE ANIMALS. 
107 
be found in the stalled animals, whilst not one animal in the other lot 
is free from them.”—D. Turvill, West Worldliam, Alton, Hants. 
The following notes carry on the observations from the main time of 
the attack , to the maggots “ leaving the cattle fast" in May up to the hides 
observed being almost free in July , and the last observation of maggots 
extracted from the warble on August 2nd. 
May 15th. “ I examined a byre yesterday near the sea, and failed 
to find a single warble. Next place I went 
to the cattle’s backs, which were nearly 
covered. The grubs are leaving the animals 
very fast now in this district .* As soon as the 
larva escapes you can squeeze a quantity of 
thin pus out of the cavity, and in some cases 
Chrysalis oi Ox Warble is thick and muco-purulent. On 
Fly, side view, and showing examining the backs of several carcases when 
contained Fly. the skin had been removed, I could not find 
any marks to show where the warbles had been. Some of the 
fleshers told me that at times they penetrate the flesh and spoil the 
sirloin.”— H. Thompson, Aspatria. 
July 9th, 1884. “ At the present time hides are almost free from 
warbles, the worm having in almost every instance escaped. The last 
three weeks is the period (this year and in this part of the country) 
when the creature has made its exit. In two or three weeks after the 
escape of the worm the hole quite closes up, and the only trace 
remaining is the cicatrix where the wound lias been. In some of the 
pieces of leather sent you might notice both holes and marks; the 
latter were the healed wounds of the previous year. A warble-hole, 
like any ordinary injury to the skin, though healed, can always be 
traced, and no matter how long the animal may live, the scar remains.” 
—John Dalton, Wigton. 
“We are not so much troubled with Ox Warble Fly as in previous 
years. Yesterday (July 22nd) I carefully inspected a herd of sixty 
cattle ; only one showed symptoms of having had the warble ; out of 
* When the warble-maggot is full-fed it presses itself gradually out of the 
opening at the top of the warble, which at first sight looks much too small for the 
exit, but the opening can be squeezed somewhat larger, the soft maggot is com¬ 
pressible, and is further helped in dragging itself out by the ringed shape and 
roughened skin, which prevent its slipping back again into its former hole. When 
it has fallen to the ground it creeps to some shelter, under a stone, a clod, or where 
may be convenient, and there the skin hardens into a chrysalis coat much like the 
grub, excepting in being dark brown or blackish in colour, and somewhat flattened 
on one side. From these chrysalids the warble flies come out, in favourable weather, 
in about four weeks from the dropping of the maggot from the back of the cattle ; 
in cold weather the time required for the change is longer. For details of above 
see ‘Essay on Bots,’ by Bracy Clark; ‘ Monographie cler (Estriden,’ by Friedrich 
Brauer, and other writers. 
