114 
WARBLE FLY. 
The following notes confirm the opinion (brought forward, I 
believe, first by Bracy Clark, and held by many writers) that the 
Warble Fly does not follow the cattle over water, consequently that allowing 
access to shallow pools is a great preservation from attack :— 
June 28tli. “ During the recent hot weather I have frequently 
seen my feeding bullocks suddenly gallop off, with their tails erect, and 
rush into the nearest water, where they seem to be less tormented by 
the flies.”—J. B. Scott, Sutterton Grange, near Spalding. 
“ The amount of warbles on an animal and amount of warbled 
animals in a herd will be rather difficult to arrive at, but I would say 
from fifteen to twenty warbles on the back of each animal,—that is, 
grazing on lands well sheltered with trees; but where there are good 
large ponds, and the animals go into the water and stand during the hottest 
part of the day, they are not so rife. From what I can gather, as well 
as from observation, I find the Warble Fly will not cross any extent 
of water.” —H. Thompson, Aspatria, Cumberland. 
“ Our cattle do not suffer much, but then we have plenty of 
marshy ground close at hand, and a good deal of timber which affords 
shade.”—Prof. W. Fream, College of Agriculture, Downton. 
The main points of the preceding observations taken in order show the 
following results:—1st. That when the warble is seen in what is its 
common condition in April and May, the maggot within can be 
killed (by various npplications specified) both surely, easily, and with¬ 
out injury to the health or hide of the animal or much outlay to the 
owner. 
2nd. That where this plan has been adopted there is found to be 
absence, or very slight presence of, warble-attack; and on the other 
hand, where warble grubs have not been destroyed, the cattle have 
been found to be attacked as a regular thing. 
3rd. With regard to Fly-attack in summer, notes are given of 
applications whereby the cattle have been preserved from' injury and 
from the terror of the Fly ; likewise notes are given of the use of 
shelter during the time of Fly-attack, and also of the serviceableness 
of access to shallow water as a protection from the pest. 
4tli. It appears certain that in this country the open warble is not 
generally seen until at least some way on in the month of February. 
Other points of interest are given, especially some reliable details 
and estimates of loss, which well deserve consideration; but besides 
the above notes we need to know more from observations of the live 
maggot, as to its method of growth, and the manner in which this 
causes the warble. A few specimens of exceptionally early appearance 
of the maggot swelling beneath the hide, and also of perforated swelling 
showing outside, were forwarded me, from which I give the following 
notes, which it is purposed to complete as the coming season may give 
