( 2 ) 
Maggots. 
Club-shaped. Worm-like. 
Magnified. 
The open Warble was first found towards the end of January, 
and by the end of February open Warbles were noticeable in many 
places, and the maggot was now white (not being feeding in bloody 
matter), wonn-like, and with strong mouth-forks; in its next stage 
it was club-shaped, and had a power of inflating itself by drawing 
in fluid until it was almost as hard 
and transparent as ice, and, lying 
small end uppermost, thus kept 
pressing the opening through the 
hide larger. In its next stage it 
gained its well-known shape, with a 
thicker and more prickly skin, the 
Warble-cell at the same time gaining 
its membranous coating. 
The maggot can move up and 
down, but commonly has its brown¬ 
ish-tipped tail at the opening, and it 
draws in air through breathing-pores 
in these brown-black tips or spiracles. 
The mouth-end is down below, feed¬ 
ing in the ulcerated matter caused 
by irritation from perpetual suction 
of the mouth parts. The maggot 
cannot protect itself from the effect of 
applications, therefore anything put 
on the opening where the breathing- 
tips show will choke the breathing- 
apparatus, or run down into the hole 
and poison the maggot. The earlier 
this is done in the season the better 
it will be for the animal, and the 
less difficulty there will be in the 
Warble-holes healing. 
Whilst the maggots are in the 
Warbles, though a skin-like mem¬ 
brane forms round the surface of 
the perforations (see figure, page 3), 
they cannot heal up because the 
maggot lies within ; and when the 
Warble-grub has fallen out , though 
the hole contracts, the surfaces, 
being already covered with a film of 
tissue, are slow to unite ; and, as 
may be seen in warbled hides, union 
is often prevented by this skin-like 
film shelling off, and lying with 
dried matter in the perforation. On 
the under side of the hide, though the surface may not be broken, 
yet the subcutaneous tissues are often left as a mere film of no 
strength, which injures the surface of the leather. 
Mouth-forks of young maggot, 
much magnified. 
Breathing-tubes of maggot, 
magnified. 
