26 
NOTES OF OBSERVATIONS 
on the Cabbages which were most infested. This is found to act well 
as a preservative from attack. The Cabbage Butterflies are also 
mentioned by Mr. Russell as very numerous, and the Caterpillars as 
destructive this year (especially in cottage gardens) at Lochgilphead, 
Argyllshire ; hut Blackbirds, Thrushes, and small birds are noted as 
numerous, and as doing good service in keeping down attack. In the 
Isle of Mull the Large White was not nearly so plentiful as during last 
season. At Callander, Falkirk, it is noted as almost entirely absent; 
and at Oxenford Castle, Mid Lothian, not a single specimen was seen. 
Mr. Malcolm Dunn notices the Cabbage Butterfly as not numerous at 
Dalkeith till the autumn, when the Caterpillars appeared in consider¬ 
able numbers, and ate up the Savoys and Cabbages in some gardens. 
It is noted that the Caterpillars may be killed by a dusting of caustic 
lime, or a watering with weak brine, lime-water, or soap-suds. The 
Small White is mentioned by Miss Birchall as doing some amount of 
damage at Douglas, in the Isle of Man; and this species is also men¬ 
tioned by Mr. Brunton as very plentiful at Glenarm, Co. Antrim, 
Ireland, in August and September. Mr. Willoughby Gardner notices 
the very early appearance of the PieridcB at Conway, fresh specimens of 
the Small White being out on March 26tli; and Mr. Bairstow, writing 
from New Brighton on the same day, mentions the Cabbage White as 
occurring in numbers along the rocky slope of a mountain about half 
a mile from Llandudno Junction, where the caves and openings in the 
mountain make the locality peculiarly favourable for their habitation 
and recreation-ground. 
Mr. Edw. Parfitt observed the first “ Small White ” on the 27th of 
March, the second on the 29th, at Exeter, these being fresh specimens, 
and he mentions that the Small Whites were more numerous in the 
spring than he had ever observed them before. Mr. D’Urban also 
mentions the Small White as appearing in greater numbers than he 
had ever before noticed them, and as extremely destructive to Cabbages 
about Exeter in August and September. The Savoy and other 
Cabbages were reduced to mere skeletons, and hand-picking was 
resorted to. Mr. H. J. Dobson notes the Butterflies of the Large and 
Small Whites as very plentiful, flying everywhere at New Malden, 
Surrey, during the dry weather of May, and that they were plentiful 
in all stages at the end of August, which was a warm month, with 
little rainfall after the first six days. The Caterpillars of the Small 
White are noticed by Mr.. Hart as having been plentiful on Cabbage 
of all kinds and on Swedes, at Kingsnortli, Kent. Mr. Charles Foran 
mentions the P. rapa as first seen at Eastbourne, Sussex, on the 13th 
of March, and the P. brassica on the 20th of April, neither of the 
species being more numerous than in ordinary years. Mr. Fitch 
notes that at Maldon, Essex, his Cabbages were “ far from improved 
