PREFACE. 
Vll 
unusually warm weather, much increased appearance of the infesta¬ 
tion, ranging in a more or less broad band along the east coast from 
Kent in the south of England to Cromarty in the north of Scotland, 
besides other localities, with maps of infested areas; identifications of 
parasites by Dr. Lindeman (Moscow) and Prof. C. V. Riley, Entomo¬ 
logist of the Department of Agriculture of the U.S.A. (on my own 
application to them) as being, with the exception of one species (which 
occurs on both continents), all of Russian , and none of American kinds 
(1887, pp. 12-54). 
“ Beet Carrion Beetle,” Silpha opaca. —First recorded as a crop 
pest in England; in this case, to Mangolds (1888, pp. 91-96). 
Orchard Insects (Winter Moth, Cheimatobia brumata , and other 
kinds).—Preventive treatment by “sticky banding,” &c., spraying with 
kerosine emulsion ; and introduction of spraying with Paris-green as 
a remedial orchard treatment in this country (1889, pp. 56-84). 
Orchard Moth Caterpillars (Winter Moth, Cheimatobia bru¬ 
mata , and others).—Formation of the Evesham Committee of Horti¬ 
cultural Experiment, and notes of treatment and success of spraying 
with Paris-green given in detail; and notes also on London-purple 
(1890, pp. 74-106). 
Diamond-back Moth, Plutella crucifer arum. —This infestation 
appeared in vast numbers both in England and Scotland in the 
summer of 1891, but was chiefly prevalent (as was the case with some 
other of the unusually great attacks noticed) along the eastern counties. 
Great damage was done not only from destruction of leafage of Swedes 
and Turnips by the caterpillars, but by their thus being prevented or 
retarded in bulbing. The observations contributed from many localities 
give detailed information, especially on amount of loss, preventive and 
remedial measures, and kinds of birds sometimes helpful in clearing 
the caterpillars (1891, pp. 105-164). 
Wasps, Vespa vulgaris , and other kinds.—This year (1893) was 
remarkable for an enormous amount of Wasp presence, causing bound¬ 
less annoyance, and also some damage to horses from their attacks 
where nests were ploughed up, and considerable loss was caused to 
fruit-growers. The prevalence of the infestation was worst in England, 
but was reported as being also troublesome in various parts of Scotland 
(1893, pp. 111-140). 
Ground Beetles, Pterosticlius madidus , Harpalus ruficornis, first 
report of, as injurious to Strawberry crops by devouring the ripe fruit 
(1894, pp. 93-97). The attack of these and some other species of 
Ground Beetles became much more prevalent in the following year; 
and in 1898 some good remedial measures were brought forward. 
Horse Forest Fly, Hippobosca equina , habits, &c., of, with ob¬ 
servations on peculiar appendages of the foot, and two plates showing 
their structure (1895, pp. 95-118). 
Angoumois Moth, Sitotroga ( Gelecliia ) cerealella. —Grain infesta¬ 
tion imported in Barley from North Africa (1897, pp. 13-21). 
Currant Gall Mite, Phytoptus ribis, history of, from first special 
record of presence in England in 1869; life-history, &c., of; and 
considerations as to preventive measures (1897, pp. 141-158). 
