6 
APPLE. 
It is stated by Schmidberger that in September, when the Apple 
leafage is beginning to turn yellow, the Chernies may be found in 
little parties of five or six on a leaf, especially on a yellowing leaf. 
The males are then stated to be of various tints, as of green striped on 
the back with yellow, or with dark yellow dots, or yellow with brown 
stripes ; the females red along the entire back to the top of the tail, 
and striped with greenish yellow and brown, the abdomen orange- 
yellow or green* 
After pairing the females leave the foliage, and lay their white 
spindle-shaped eggs singly, or several together, or sometimes in rows. 
These may be placed in various parts of the tree, in furrows, or year- 
old shoots, where there is fine hair. After this the Psyllas, or Apple- 
suckers, as they are called, die. 
It is mentioned by Schmidberger that he never found an egg laid 
on a leaf. The first eggs were observed by him to hatch about the 
5th of April, and the young Apple-suckers, just after hatching, had the 
body of a dirty yellow, with four dots across the back, the abdomen 
brown and the extremity dark brown, with whitish hairs. Such as 
were observed by Schmidberger to come out in the open air, at once 
betook themselves to the nearest bud, and began to gnaw the scales, 
and presently penetrated within to shelter themselves from cold 
and wet. [These points, which are of importance practically, were 
specially noticed in Mr. Gibbon’s observations at Pershore last spring. 
-—Ed.] 
After moulting for the first time, Schmidberger noticed that a 
white transparent tubercle issued from the extremity of the body, 
which remained attached by a whitish thread, and if removed, another 
tubercle or round globe and another thread was protruded. On the 
second moult “ the larva not only puts out a thicker string with the 
tubercle, but also an immense number of very fine entangled threads 
or small hairs, which it turns upwards over its back, and with them 
entirely covers its body and head ” (Schmidberger). 
This strange mass of whitish threads I had an opportunity of 
seeing myself on specimens under observation about May 22nd. 
Later on the rudiments of the wings make their appearance, and 
for the last change the Cliermes fixes itself firmly, the skin splits, and 
the winged insect steps out from the cast-skin. The time that elapsed 
from hatching out of the egg to complete development was considered 
to be about four weeks. The date of appearance of the perfect insect 
in the open air is given as from the earlier part of May to the 
beginning of June.* 
* See “ Naiurgeschichte der schiidlichen Insecten, von Vincenz Kollar,” in 
‘ Verhandl. der k. k. Landwirthschaft-Gesellschaft in Wien,’ 1837; also in English 
translation of above known as Hollar’s ‘Insects,’ 1840. 
