8 
APPLE. 
enemy, Chernies, caterpillar, or Aphis. I enclose some, as they are 
just hatching and crawling inside the buds in large quantities.” 
Later on—on July 4th—Mr. Hiam forwarded me some specimens 
of the fully-developed Psyllci, remarking, regarding previous observa¬ 
tion of the pest:—“ Although I have recently seen a reference to the 
Psylla being a new pest, I have been well acquainted with the insect as 
long as I can remember on our Apple trees.” And on July 7th Mr. Hiam 
further forwarded me a spray of Apple tree which has been injured 
by Psylla , showing how the bloom dies away without setting into fruit, 
and with this more specimens of the fully-developed Chernies or Psylla , 
thus enabling us to prove that the insects watched so carefully through 
their early stages from the commencement of the infestation were 
quite certainly the Psylla mail of Schmidberger. 
To make quite sure beyond any doubt of this, I placed some of the 
specimens in the hands of Mr. Oliver E. Janson, E.E.S., of Perth Road, 
London, N., who favoured me with the following reply :—“ Your deter¬ 
mination of the Psylla as the mali, Schmid., appears to me to be quite 
correct. I have compared them with the specimens in the British 
Museum, which includes the types of the late Mr. John Scott’s 
Monograph of Psyllidce (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1876), and can find 
no difference. The bright green colour is similar to those which 
Mr. Scott separated in his monograph as a doubtfully distinct species, 
and named viridissima, but afterwards united it as a synonym of mali." 
—0. E. J * 
These Psyllas or Apple-suckers, I found, could run very well, and 
then, with a sudden skip, fly away. Their length somewhat under the 
eighth of an inch. The general colour apple-green, with the markings, 
as far as observable, of a pale yellow or yellowish green. These were 
somewhat variable, but might be described as one central patch on the 
fore part of the thorax (or body between the wings), two patches or 
marks on the succeeding part, and narrow cross stripes on the abdo¬ 
men. Eyes in some cases pale, with the chief part reddish ; in others 
white, with a central black spot, looking, as described by Schmid¬ 
berger, like a black pupil. 
The colours appeared to vary after death, as I noticed one speci¬ 
men with a greyish band on the upper surface of the base of the 
abdomen. The antennae were yellowish, dark towards the extremity, 
* In the ‘ Catalogue of British Hemiptera,’ by Edward Saunders, F.L.S., and 
James Edwards, F.E.S., 1890, the following synonyms are given for P. mali, 
Schmid.:— ulmi, Forst.; crcetegicola , Forst.; viridissima, Scott; occulta, Forst. 
Dr. Franz Low, in his notes, ‘ Zur Systimatik den Psylloden, Wien,’ also mentions 
as synonyms ceruginosa, Forst.; rubida, M. D.; and claripennis, M. D. This great 
amount of synonyms, which still does not include all that have been given to this 
one species, points to its variation in appearance, and variety of plants which it 
infests, and is further desirable to note for scientific reference.— Ed. 
