The larvae of the Two-winged Flies are commonly 
fleshy, cylindrical, and footless, the head often soft and 
fleshy, and capable of being withdrawn into the grub, 
and it is generally furnished with tw-o horny hooks, 
capable of being protruded and retracted vertically, 
instead of regular jaw^s, wdth which the grub, as it w^ere, 
reaps the tissues within the leaves, or whatever it may 
feed on, into itself. Yery often these larvae are pointed 
at the head and obtuse at the tail, which is furnished 
wdth differently shaped tubercles or processes. 
Larva, pupa, and anteimac of Cockchafer {Melolontlia vulgaris). 
