4 
ASH. 
atLongleat, near Warminster, appeared, from the specimens forwarded 
to me on June 19tli by Mr. Taylor, to be almost, if not entirely, caused 
by these caterpillars. 
No notes of means of prevention have been sent in, but something 
might be done to check (at least in garden cultivation) the ravages of 
this destructive caterpillar, which feeds on the Apple, Pear, and Plum, 
besides the Oak, Elm, Lime, and many other trees. 
The Moths, which come out from chrysalids lying in the earth, 
appear about the beginning of November; and during November and 
December the females, not being able to fly, creep up the trees to lay 
their eggs on various parts of the twigs, or in crannies of the bark. If 
anything, therefore, is put round the trunk of the tree, which the 
Moths will stick fast in or will not attempt to cross, its safety from 
attack (in all cases where it stands apart from others and from 
supports) is fairly well secured. 
Where fruit trees are pruned after December it is desirable that all 
the small twigs that fall to the ground should be carefully removed, 
that any caterpillars hatching from eggs on these twigs may not be 
able to get to the trees. 
The caterpillars hatch in spring, and feed first on the young 
unopened buds or young leafage, and, where they are numerous, clear 
off every morsel that is eatable on the boughs, webbing some of the 
remains of the leaves together as they proceed for a shelter. The 
caterpillars are about half an inch long, and form a loop when walk¬ 
ing, very similarly to those of the Magpie Moth (see figure), and the 
colour is greenish, with a black or blue line along the back, and 
whitish lines along the sides. 
ASH. 
Ash-bark Beetle. Hylesinus Fraxini, Fab. 
The following notes of the habits of the Ash-bark Beetle, Hylesinus 
Fraxini , are from observations taken by Mr. Angus MTntosh, Llanercli, 
Llanelly, S. Wales, and amongst other information give the locality 
of the winter quarters of the beetle. 
On March 16tli I received specimens of rough, thick, Ash bark, 
just taken from living trees, bored into by Asli-bark Beetles, which 
were then still in their winter holes. These bores or tunnels resembled 
small shot-holes, and ran indifferently up, down, or to either side, but 
were all single,—that is to say, they were never branched like the 
